Difference between revisions of "Triteleia grandiflora"

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===Description===
 
===Description===
General: Scapose perennial from a scaly, deep-seated corm.<br>
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Scapose<ref name=":0">WTU
Leaves: Leaves 1-2, flat but keeled beneath, 3-10 mm. broad, 2.5-5 dm. long, not withering by flowering.<br>
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Herbarium, Burke Museum, & University of Washington. Retrieved from https://biology.burke.washington.edu/herbarium/imagecollection/taxon.php?Taxon=Triteleia%20grandiflora</ref> perennial herb growing from a deep, scaly corm with umbels of blue to white flowers, up to 70 tall;<ref name=":1">E-Flora
Flowers: Flowers several in an open umbel, the pedicels 1-5 cm. long; tepals 6, deep blue to almost white, the tube 7-12 mm. long, the segments of equal length with deeper blue mid-veins; outer series plane, broadly lanceolate, inner series broader, more or less ruffled; fertile stamens 6, the filaments unequally inserted or unequal in length, about as broad as long or much broader than long; anthers 2-3 mm. long, yellow to blue.<br>
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BC: Electronic Atlas of the Flora of British Columbia. Retrieved from https://linnet.geog.ubc.ca/Atlas/Atlas.aspx?sciname=Triteleia%20grandiflora</ref> Leaves basal, linear, 1 to 3, to 50 cm long, sheathing at base.<ref name=":1" /> Inflorescence an open, bractate umbel; flowers actinomorphic; tepals 6, connate and narrowly camanulate, appearing as in two whorls;<ref name=":2" /> stamens 6, epipetalous,<ref name=":2" /> inserted alternatively at 2 levels;<ref name=":0" /> pistil with 1 style, weakly 3-lobed stigma, superior ovary<ref name=":2" /> becoming an ovate capsule with rounded black seeds.<ref name=":1" />
Fruit: Capsule sub-terete, 6-grooved, with a stipe about half as long
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===Bloom Period===
==Bloom Period==
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April - June<ref name=":0" />
Flowering spring through summer (April-July)
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===Distribution===
 
===Distribution===
Two varieties of T. ''grandiflora''. The more western of the two, T. ''grandiflora'' var. ''howelii''. Grows mostly west Cascades, Victoria Island through Puget Trough and into the Willamette Valley, to Northern California, up Cascade Ridge Crest.<ref>Hitchcock, C. L., Cronquist, A., Giblin, D.,
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Two varieties of T. ''grandiflora''. The more western of the two, T. ''grandiflora'' var. ''howelii''. Grows mostly west Cascades, Victoria Island through Puget Trough and into the Willamette Valley, to Northern California, up Cascade Ridge Crest.<ref name=":2">Hitchcock, C. L., Cronquist, A., Giblin, D.,
 
& Legler, B. et al. (2018). ''Flora of the Pacific Northwest: an''
 
& Legler, B. et al. (2018). ''Flora of the Pacific Northwest: an''
 
illustrated manual''. Seattle: University of Washington Press''</ref>
 
illustrated manual''. Seattle: University of Washington Press''</ref>
  
 
===Habitat===
 
===Habitat===
====Ecological Setting====
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Seasonally dry prairies, grasslands and forest openings, low to mid-elevation.<ref name=":0" />
Coastal grassy bluffs and prairies to sagebrush desert and Ponderosa pine forests.
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====Moisture Regime====
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Medium drought tolerance
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====Shade Tolerance====
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Intermediate
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===Uses===
 
===Uses===
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===Propagation===
 
===Propagation===
 
====Crop Intervals====
 
====Crop Intervals====
Perrenial
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Perennial
 
====Seed Propagation====
 
====Seed Propagation====
 
=====Fruit and Seed Collection and Extraction=====
 
=====Fruit and Seed Collection and Extraction=====

Latest revision as of 14:01, 30 June 2021

  • Scientific Name: Triteleia grandiflora var. howelli
  • Family: Liliaceae
  • Common Names: large-flowered triteleia, Howell's triteleia, blue umber lily.
  • Synonyms and misapplications: Brodiaea howellii
  • Codon:TRIGRA

Photo by Ben Legler, also featured on Main Page

Taxonomy

Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Subkingdom: Viridiplantae
Phylum: Tracheophyta
Subphylum: Spermatophytina
Class: Magnoliopsida
Subclass: Lilianae
Order: Asparagales
Family: Asparagaceae
Genus: Triteleia Douglas ex Lindl.
Species: Triteleia grandiflora Lindl.

[1]

Description

Scapose[2] perennial herb growing from a deep, scaly corm with umbels of blue to white flowers, up to 70 tall;[3] Leaves basal, linear, 1 to 3, to 50 cm long, sheathing at base.[3] Inflorescence an open, bractate umbel; flowers actinomorphic; tepals 6, connate and narrowly camanulate, appearing as in two whorls;[4] stamens 6, epipetalous,[4] inserted alternatively at 2 levels;[2] pistil with 1 style, weakly 3-lobed stigma, superior ovary[4] becoming an ovate capsule with rounded black seeds.[3]

Bloom Period

April - June[2]

Distribution

Two varieties of T. grandiflora. The more western of the two, T. grandiflora var. howelii. Grows mostly west Cascades, Victoria Island through Puget Trough and into the Willamette Valley, to Northern California, up Cascade Ridge Crest.[4]

Habitat

Seasonally dry prairies, grasslands and forest openings, low to mid-elevation.[2]

Uses

Wildlife

Low palatability for browsing or grazing animals

First Nations

Corms eaten steamed or roasted; corms put in medicine bag to make more potent; used medicinally. Young seedpods - cooked as a potherb. An excellent green.[5]

Propagation

Crop Intervals

Perennial

Seed Propagation

Fruit and Seed Collection and Extraction

Seeds are easily collected when the capsule begins to split, either by shaking the seed into an envelope or collecting whole capsules. Seeds are black when mature. They are stored in envelopes or paper bags at room temperature until cleaned. Seed shaken from capsules needs no cleaning. Whole capsules can be crushed to release seed. Seed is cleaned with an air column separator.

Fruit/Seed Dormancy and Treatment

Cool, moist stratification and cool growing conditions are needed. No seed germinated without pretreatment. 30 days of cool, moist stratification resulted in a few seeds germinating, but they did not survive in the greenhouse. High germination was obtained from seeds sown in flats and left outside under cool, fluctuating spring temperatures. Seedlings which germinated outside died when placed in the greenhouse.

Vegetative Propagation

In late November or early December seeds are sown in flats containing a 3:1 mix of Sunshine #4 and sharp sand. They are covered lightly. A thin layer of sand or fine grit is applied to the flats to prevent seed and soil from floating out. Pea gravel is not used because many of the stones are impossible to separate from the corms at harvest. Flats are watered deeply. They are placed outside subject to winter conditions.
Germination begins in late March or early April and continues for 3 weeks. Some seed will germinate after a second winter.
1 month
Flats are moved to the lath house in late May. Plants will develop 1 true leaf in the first season and go dormant in mid to late June. They are left in the lath house with no protection, except snow cover, over the winter. Trays should be protected from extreme cold if not covered with snow, however. In subsequent years, they are watered as needed and fertilized twice with a water soluble, complete fertilizer during the active growth phase. After dormancy, flats are watered only enough to keep the soil from drying out completely.
3 years
Hardening not needed, as plants are grown outside.
After 3 years, the plants have developed corms of about 1/4" inch in diameter. In August or September of the third year, the trays are dumped out and corms are separated from the soil using hand screens.
Corms can be dug from existing populations and moved to another site. They can also be held in pots for later replanting. Corms are buried 6-8 inches and can be difficult to locate. Corms should only be removed from sites where habitat is to be destroyed by development.
Diploid plants produce few cormlets and the corms are generally in the upper three inches of the soil, while polyploid plants are more likely to reproduce vegetatively by cormlets and the corms are more deeply buried [6]

Outplanting Characteristics and Requirements

Corms are planted about 2 inches deep in October

Photo Gallery

References

  1. Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved from https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=43097#null
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 WTU Herbarium, Burke Museum, & University of Washington. Retrieved from https://biology.burke.washington.edu/herbarium/imagecollection/taxon.php?Taxon=Triteleia%20grandiflora
  3. 3.0 3.1 3.2 E-Flora BC: Electronic Atlas of the Flora of British Columbia. Retrieved from https://linnet.geog.ubc.ca/Atlas/Atlas.aspx?sciname=Triteleia%20grandiflora
  4. 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Hitchcock, C. L., Cronquist, A., Giblin, D., & Legler, B. et al. (2018). Flora of the Pacific Northwest: an illustrated manual. Seattle: University of Washington Press
  5. Native American Ethnobotany Database. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://naeb.brit.org/uses/search/?string=triteleia
  6. Barkworth, 1977