Difference between revisions of "Iris tenax"

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''Iris tenax'' also called Oregon Iris or Tough Leaved Iris, is in the Iris family, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iridaceae Iridaceae]. and is found in the South Puget Sound Prairie habitat. This plant is a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monocotyledon monocot].
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* Scientific Name: ''Iris'' ''tenax''
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* Family: Iridaceae
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* Common Names: Oregon flag, tough-leaf iris
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* Codon: IRITEN
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[[File:IRITEN1.jpg |thumb|Photo by Rod Gilbert, also featured on Main Page]]
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===Taxonomy===
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{{Taxobox
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| name =
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| image =
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| image_alt = Iris tenax
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| image_caption = Photo by Rod Gilbert. Featured on Main Page
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| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
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| subregnum = Viridiplantae
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| phylum = Tracheophyta
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| subphylum= Spermatophytina
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| classis = Magnoliopsida
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| subclassis = Lilianae
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| ordo = Asperagales
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| familia = Iridaceae
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| genus = ''Iris'' L.
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| species = '''''Iris tenax''''' Douglas ex Lindl.
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| binomial =
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| binomial_authority =
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| synonyms =
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| range_map =
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| range_map_alt =
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| range_map_caption =
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}}
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<ref>Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved from https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=43226</ref>
  
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[[File:Iristenax.jpg|thumb|250px|right|''Iris tenax'' flower in bloom]]
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===Description===
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Clump-forming herb growing from branched rhizomes, up to 3 dm tall.<ref name=":0">Bowcutt, F., & Hamman, Sarah. (2016). ''Vascular plants''
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of the South Sound prairies'' (First ed.). Olympia, Washington: The Evergreen''
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State College Press.</ref> Stems are solid.<ref name=":1">Hitchcock, C. L., Cronquist, A., Giblin, D., & Legler,
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B. et al. (2018). ''Flora of the Pacific Northwest: an illustrated manual''.
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Seattle: University of Washington Press.</ref>
  
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==Taxonomy==
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Basal leaves reach up to 45 cm, cauline leaves reduced, more or less erect, up to 15 cm. long, sheathing the stem for up to half their length.<ref name=":0" />
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*Kingdom: Plantae <br>
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*(unranked): Angiosperms <br>
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*(unranked): Monocots <br>
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*Order: Asparagales <br>
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*Family: Iridaceae <br>
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*Subfamily: Iridoideae <br>
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*Genus: Iris <br>
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*Subgenus: Limniris <br>
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*Species: I. tenax <br>
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==Description==
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Sepals (the outer 3 segments, reflexed, sometimes referred to as "falls",) have pronounced veination and usually bearing a yellow "signal". Style branches, petalloid, opposite sepals and curved over them.<ref name=":1" /> Ovary inferior.
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A tufted  [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perennial_plant perennial] with narrow, grass-like leaves and showy flowers on thin, wand-like stems to 14 in. tall. Leaves slightly exceed the flower stem in height. The flower of this species shows considerable variation in color, from white to deep purple. Large, delicate, lavender to deep purple (sometimes white, rarely yellow) flowers, commonly with dark violet veins, grow at top of short stalks in dense clumps. Flowers usually occur singly but sometimes in pairs.  
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*Leaves: Leaves mostly basal, narrowly linear, up to 4 dm. long and 2-6 mm. broad; cauline leave few, reduced upward.
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Fruit is an oblong, 3-sided capsule, 3-5 cm long.<ref name=":0" />
  
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*Flowers: Lavender or blue to purple, but occasionally white to yellow or pinkish, subtended by a pair of involucral leaves which may be 2 cm. apart; pedicels 1-4 cm. long; perianth parts fused in a tube at the base, the tube 6-10 mm. long; sepals 3, oblanceolate to obovate, 5.5-6.5 cm. long, spreading; petals 3, oblanceolate, 3.5-6 cm. long, erect; style branches 25-30 mm. long with 2 terminal lobes 8-12 mm. long; stigmas triangular; ovary inferior.
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Genus name comes from Greek ''Iris,'' rainbow.<ref name=":1" />
  
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*Fruit: Capsule 3-celled, leathery, 25-35 mm. long
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===Bloom Period===
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June - August<ref>WTU Herbarium, Burke Museum,
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& University of Washington. Retrieved from <nowiki>https://biology.burke.washington.edu/herbarium/imagecollection/taxon.php?Taxon=Iris%20tenax</nowiki></ref>
  
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==Bloom Period==
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===Distribution===
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Grays Harbor County and south Puget Trough, Washington, southward in western Oregon, to northwest California.<ref name=":1" />
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June - August
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==Distribution==
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===Habitat===
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Prairies, meadows, and open woodlands, lowland to upper montane zones.<ref name=":1" />
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West of the Cascades, Thurston and Grays Harbor Counties, Washington, south to southwest Oregon
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==Habitat==
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===Uses===
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Tolowa Dee-ni’ use to make cordage.<ref>Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok
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Prairies and pastures, open oak and coniferous forests, low elevations
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Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis,
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page 33. Retrieved from http://naeb.brit.org/uses/search/?string=iris+tenax</ref>
  
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==Uses==
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There are several uses of the root in herbalism, but fresh root preparations are '''extremely harmful'''. Preparations should only be made with the completely dried root, and administered by a skilled herbalist, as even fresh preparations are '''low-dose.'''
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* A tincture of the whole plant, or the bulbous stems, is given in the treatment of bilious vomiting and is recommended for treating depression. A fiber from the leaves is used in weaving and making ropes. The fiber is buoyant, strong and durable. Tenax, Latin for tenacious, refers to the tough leaves.  
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* Warning: Some Iris species are known to be poisonous to humans and animals if eaten (especially the rhizome, or root), and it is likely that all irises contain toxins. Plant juices can cause blisters on the skin. POISONOUS PARTS: Rhizomes (thickened roots) and rootstocks, fresh or dry. Minor skin irritation when touched, low toxicity if ingested. Symptoms include nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, elevated temperature following ingestion; skin irritation upon contact with seeds, rootstock, or cell sap. Toxic Principle: Irisin, iridin, or irisine.  
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===Propagation===
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''Iris tenax'' does not spread quickly, but will form large clumps of underground bulbous stems. It requires wet soil in the spring time and well drained soil during the drier months.<ref>https://courses.washington.edu/esrm412/protocols/&#x5B;IRTE.pdf&#x5D;</ref>
  
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==Propagation==
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<br>
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===Photo Gallery===
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''Iris tenax'' does not spread quickly, but will form large clumps of underground bulbous stems. It requires wet soil in the spring time and well drained soil during the drier months.
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<gallery>
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File:IRITEN2.jpg|Photo by Rod Gilbert
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File:IRTE LisaHintz sd 2012.jpg|'Iris tenax' seeds, photo by Lisa Hintz
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</gallery>
  
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[File:IRTE LisaHintz sd 2012.jpg|thumb|300 px|right|''Iris tenax'' seeds <br> photo by Lisa Hintz]
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=== References ===
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==Photo Gallery==
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<references />
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==References==
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Latest revision as of 21:58, 20 March 2021

  • Scientific Name: Iris tenax
  • Family: Iridaceae
  • Common Names: Oregon flag, tough-leaf iris
  • Codon: IRITEN
Photo by Rod Gilbert, also featured on Main Page

Taxonomy

Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Subkingdom: Viridiplantae
Phylum: Tracheophyta
Subphylum: Spermatophytina
Class: Magnoliopsida
Subclass: Lilianae
Order: Asperagales
Family: Iridaceae
Genus: Iris L.
Species: Iris tenax Douglas ex Lindl.

[1]

Description

Clump-forming herb growing from branched rhizomes, up to 3 dm tall.[2] Stems are solid.[3]

Basal leaves reach up to 45 cm, cauline leaves reduced, more or less erect, up to 15 cm. long, sheathing the stem for up to half their length.[2]

Sepals (the outer 3 segments, reflexed, sometimes referred to as "falls",) have pronounced veination and usually bearing a yellow "signal". Style branches, petalloid, opposite sepals and curved over them.[3] Ovary inferior.

Fruit is an oblong, 3-sided capsule, 3-5 cm long.[2]

Genus name comes from Greek Iris, rainbow.[3]

Bloom Period

June - August[4]

Distribution

Grays Harbor County and south Puget Trough, Washington, southward in western Oregon, to northwest California.[3]

Habitat

Prairies, meadows, and open woodlands, lowland to upper montane zones.[3]

Uses

Tolowa Dee-ni’ use to make cordage.[5]

There are several uses of the root in herbalism, but fresh root preparations are extremely harmful. Preparations should only be made with the completely dried root, and administered by a skilled herbalist, as even fresh preparations are low-dose.

Propagation

Iris tenax does not spread quickly, but will form large clumps of underground bulbous stems. It requires wet soil in the spring time and well drained soil during the drier months.[6]


Photo Gallery

  • Photo by Rod Gilbert

  • 'Iris tenax' seeds, photo by Lisa Hintz

References

  1. ↑ Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved from https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=43226
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Bowcutt, F., & Hamman, Sarah. (2016). Vascular plants of the South Sound prairies (First ed.). Olympia, Washington: The Evergreen State College Press.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Hitchcock, C. L., Cronquist, A., Giblin, D., & Legler, B. et al. (2018). Flora of the Pacific Northwest: an illustrated manual. Seattle: University of Washington Press.
  4. ↑ WTU Herbarium, Burke Museum, & University of Washington. Retrieved from https://biology.burke.washington.edu/herbarium/imagecollection/taxon.php?Taxon=Iris%20tenax
  5. ↑ Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 33. Retrieved from http://naeb.brit.org/uses/search/?string=iris+tenax
  6. ↑ https://courses.washington.edu/esrm412/protocols/%5BIRTE.pdf%5D
Retrieved from "http://wikis.evergreen.edu/pugetprairieplants/index.php?title=Iris_tenax&oldid=5047"

The Evergreen State College