Difference between revisions of "Toxicoscordion venenosum"
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* Synonyms and Misapplications: ''Zigadenus venenosus'' | * Synonyms and Misapplications: ''Zigadenus venenosus'' | ||
* Codon: TOXVEN | * Codon: TOXVEN | ||
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[[File:TOXSCO1.jpg|thumb|333x333px|Toxicoscordion venenosum. Photo Ben Legler 2004, also featured on Main Page]] | [[File:TOXSCO1.jpg|thumb|333x333px|Toxicoscordion venenosum. Photo Ben Legler 2004, also featured on Main Page]] | ||
| − | ==Taxonomy== | + | ===Taxonomy=== |
{{Taxobox | {{Taxobox | ||
| − | | name = | + | | name = |
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae | | regnum = [[Plant]]ae | ||
| subregnum = Viridiplantae | | subregnum = Viridiplantae | ||
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<ref>Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved from https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=522732#null</ref> | <ref>Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved from https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=522732#null</ref> | ||
| − | ==Description== | + | ===Description=== |
General: Glabrous perennial herb from an onion-like bulb, the simple stem 2-5 dm. tall. | General: Glabrous perennial herb from an onion-like bulb, the simple stem 2-5 dm. tall. | ||
Leaves: Leaves mostly basal, linear, keeled, 1-3 dm. long and 3-6 mm. broad; cauline leaves strongly reduced upward. | Leaves: Leaves mostly basal, linear, keeled, 1-3 dm. long and 3-6 mm. broad; cauline leaves strongly reduced upward. | ||
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& University of Washington. Retrieved from <nowiki>https://biology.burke.washington.edu/herbarium/imagecollection/taxon.php?Taxon=Toxicoscordion%20venenosum%20var.%20venenosum</nowiki></ref> | & University of Washington. Retrieved from <nowiki>https://biology.burke.washington.edu/herbarium/imagecollection/taxon.php?Taxon=Toxicoscordion%20venenosum%20var.%20venenosum</nowiki></ref> | ||
| − | ==Bloom Period== | + | ===Bloom Period=== |
April-July<ref name=":1" /> | April-July<ref name=":1" /> | ||
| − | ==Distribution== | + | ===Distribution=== |
British Columbia to Baja California, east to the Dakotas; var. venenosum more common west of the Cascades in Washington, var. graminaeum common in Eastern WA.<ref name=":0">Hitchcock, C. L., Cronquist, A., Giblin, D., | British Columbia to Baja California, east to the Dakotas; var. venenosum more common west of the Cascades in Washington, var. graminaeum common in Eastern WA.<ref name=":0">Hitchcock, C. L., Cronquist, A., Giblin, D., | ||
& Legler, B. et al. (2018). ''Flora of the Pacific Northwest: an'' | & Legler, B. et al. (2018). ''Flora of the Pacific Northwest: an'' | ||
illustrated manual''. Seattle: University of Washington Press''</ref> | illustrated manual''. Seattle: University of Washington Press''</ref> | ||
| − | ==Habitat== | + | ===Habitat=== |
Coastal bluffs and prairies, grassy hillsides, and moister areas of shrub-steppe and open pine woodlands<ref name=":0" /> | Coastal bluffs and prairies, grassy hillsides, and moister areas of shrub-steppe and open pine woodlands<ref name=":0" /> | ||
| − | ==Uses == | + | ===Uses === |
==== Medicinal Uses ==== | ==== Medicinal Uses ==== | ||
| Line 48: | Line 49: | ||
<nowiki>http://naeb.brit.org/</nowiki></ref> | <nowiki>http://naeb.brit.org/</nowiki></ref> | ||
| − | = | + | ===Photo Gallery=== |
| − | ==Photo Gallery== | + | |
<gallery> | <gallery> | ||
File:ZIVE BenLegler sdh good.jpg | In fruit. Photo Ben Legler | File:ZIVE BenLegler sdh good.jpg | In fruit. Photo Ben Legler | ||
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File:Toxicoscordionseedling.jpg | Seedling, courtesy of CNLM | File:Toxicoscordionseedling.jpg | Seedling, courtesy of CNLM | ||
</gallery> | </gallery> | ||
| + | ===References=== | ||
<references /> | <references /> | ||
Revision as of 23:11, 20 March 2021
- Scientific Name: Toxicoscordion venenosum var. venenosum
- Family: Melanthiaceae
- Common Names: death camas, meadow death camas, common death camas, deadly zigadenus.
- Synonyms and Misapplications: Zigadenus venenosus
- Codon: TOXVEN
Contents
Taxonomy
| Scientific classification | |
|---|---|
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Subkingdom: | Viridiplantae |
| Phylum: | Tracheophyta |
| Subphylum: | Spermatophytina |
| Class: | Liliopsida |
| Subclass: | Lilidae |
| Order: | Liales |
| Family: | Melanthiaceae |
| Genus: | Toxicoscordion Rydb. |
| Species: | Toxicoscordion venenosum (S. Watson) Rydb. |
| Synonyms | |
| |
Description
General: Glabrous perennial herb from an onion-like bulb, the simple stem 2-5 dm. tall. Leaves: Leaves mostly basal, linear, keeled, 1-3 dm. long and 3-6 mm. broad; cauline leaves strongly reduced upward. Flowers: Inflorescence a raceme (but sometimes the raceme branched at the base) up to 1.5 dm. long, the flowers all perfect; perianth white to cream-colored, bell-shaped; tepals 6, slightly unequal, the outer 4.5-5 mm. long, short-clawed, the inner about 0.5 mm. longer with a narrower, slightly longer claw; the gland at the base of each tepal yellowish-green, broader than long; stamens 6, about equal to the tepals; styles 3, distinct, 2-3 mm. long. Fruit: Capsule 8-15 mm. long.[2]
Bloom Period
April-July[2]
Distribution
British Columbia to Baja California, east to the Dakotas; var. venenosum more common west of the Cascades in Washington, var. graminaeum common in Eastern WA.[3]
Habitat
Coastal bluffs and prairies, grassy hillsides, and moister areas of shrub-steppe and open pine woodlands[3]
Uses
Medicinal Uses
Traditionally used as a violent emetic, sometimes mixed with blue flag; poultice of mashed roots applied to rheumatism, boils, bruises, sprains, sore legs, burns, swellings, rattlesnake bites, and broken bones to speed healing; mashed roots sometimes used as an arrow poison.[4]
Photo Gallery
In fruit. Photo Ben Legler
Photo Ben Legler
Seedling, courtesy of CNLM
References
- ↑ Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved from https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=522732#null
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 WTU Herbarium, Burke Museum, & University of Washington. Retrieved from https://biology.burke.washington.edu/herbarium/imagecollection/taxon.php?Taxon=Toxicoscordion%20venenosum%20var.%20venenosum
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Hitchcock, C. L., Cronquist, A., Giblin, D., & Legler, B. et al. (2018). Flora of the Pacific Northwest: an illustrated manual. Seattle: University of Washington Press
- ↑ Native American Ethnobotany Database. Retrieved from http://naeb.brit.org/
