Difference between revisions of "Triodanis perfoliata"

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[[File:TRPE LisaHintz sd 2012.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Triodanis perfoliata seeds. Photo by Lisa Hintz]]
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*Scientific Name: ''Triodanis'' ''perfoliata''  
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*Scientific Name: Triodanis ''perfoliata''  
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*Family: Campanulaceae
 
*Family: Campanulaceae
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*English Names: Venus' looking glass, clasping bellwort
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*Common Names: Venus' looking glass, clasping bellwort
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*Previous names and mis-applications: Specularia perfoliata
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*Previous names and misapplications: ''Specularia perfoliata''
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==Taxonomy==
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----
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[[File:TRIPER4.jpg|thumb|416x416px|''Triodanis perfoliata''. Photo Ben Legler 2011]]
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===Taxonomy===
 
{{Taxobox
 
{{Taxobox
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| name = Triodanis perfoliata
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| name =  
 
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
 
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
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| subregnum = Tracheobionta
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| subregnum = Viridiplantae
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| phylum = Spermatophyta
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| phylum = Tracheophyta
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| subphylum= Magnoliophyta
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| subphylum= Spermatophytina
 
| classis = Magnoliopsida
 
| classis = Magnoliopsida
 
| subclassis = Asteranae
 
| subclassis = Asteranae
 
| ordo = Asterales
 
| ordo = Asterales
 
| familia = Campanulaceae
 
| familia = Campanulaceae
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| genus = '''''Triodanis Raf ex. Greene'''''
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| genus = ''Triodanis'' Raf ex. Greene
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| species = '''''Triodanis perfoliata L.'''''
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| species = '''''Triodanis perfoliata''''' (L.) Nieuwl.
 
| subspecies =
 
| subspecies =
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}}
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| synonyms = *''Legousia perfoliata'' (L.) Britton
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*''Specularia perfoliata'' (L.) A. DC.
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==Description==
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}}<ref>Interagency Taxonomic Information System.
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General: Erect annual herbs, the stems erect, usually simple, 1-6 dm. tall, the surface rough.
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Retrieved from  https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=34615#null</ref>
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Leaves: Leaves alternate, sessile, cordate-clasping, rotund-ovate, palmately veined, the leaves 0.5-3 cm. long and wide, or the lowermost ones narrower, more obovate, and short-petiolate.
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Flowers: Flowers sessile in the axils of the middle and upper leaves, 1-several in each axil, in a leafy, spike-like arrangement; calyx lobes 5, divided to the base, narrowly triangular and pointed, 5-8 mm. long; corolla united, regular, the 5 lobes longer than the tube, 8-13 mm, long, deep purple to pale lavender; stamens 5, free from the corolla and from each other; the lower flowers do not open and the calyx of these is smaller and 3- or 4-lobed; ovary inferior.
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===Description===
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Annual herb growing from taproot<ref name=":0">Hitchcock, C. L., Cronquist, A., Giblin, D.,
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& Legler, B. et al. (2018). ''Flora of the Pacific Northwest: an
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illustrated manual''. Seattle: University of Washington Press. p. 517.</ref> with axillary purple flowers, to 60 cm tall.<ref name=":1">WTU Herbarium, Burke Museum,
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& University of Washington. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://biology.burke.washington.edu/herbarium/imagecollection/taxon.php?Taxon=Triodanis%20perfoliata</ref> Stems erect, usually simple or sometimes branched, hairy.<ref name=":2">E-Flora
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BC: Electronic Atlas of the Flora of British Columbia. Retrieved from https://linnet.geog.ubc.ca/Atlas/Atlas.aspx?sciname=Triodanis%20perfoliata</ref> Leaves cauline, alternate, clasping, cordate to rotund, 0.5-3 cm long, lowest leaves narrow and short-petiolate.<ref name=":2" /> Flowers axillary on upper stem with 1 to several in each axil,<ref name=":1" /> radially symmetrical; calyx, corolla and androecium inserted on hypanthium; sepals 5, narrowly triangular, sometimes connate at base; corolla 5-lobed, rotate,<ref name=":0" /> 8-13 mm long;<ref name=":2" /> stamens 5;<ref name=":1" /> pistil 3-carpellate,<ref>Zomlefer, W. (1994). ''Guide to Flowering Plant Families''. Chapel Hill, NC: The University of North Carolina Press. p. 211.</ref> with 1 to 3-lobed style, inferior ovary becoming an elliptic to oblong capsule, dehiscent by distal pore.<ref name=":0" />
  
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Fruit: Capsules oblong, 2- or 3-celled, about 1 cm. long in the open flowers, half that size in the others.<ref>WTU Herbarium, Burke Museum,
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===Bloom Period===
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& University of Washington. (n.d.). Retrieved from <nowiki>https://biology.burke.washington.edu/herbarium/imagecollection/taxon.php?Taxon=Triodanis%20perfoliata</nowiki></ref>
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April - June<ref name=":1" />
  
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==Bloom Period==
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===Distribution===
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*Flowering time: May to June
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Southern British Columbia to California; mainly west of the Cascade crest in Washington, both sides of Cascades in Oregon and California.<ref name=":0" />
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*Fruit ripening time: June to July
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==Distribution==
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===Habitat===
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==Habitat==
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Common weed species growing in waste places, disturbed sites, pastures, prairies, and roadsides <ref name="Seyermark">Seyermark, 1963</ref>. Dry woods and open sites (Justice and Bell, 1968). Dry to moderately dry soils <ref name="Douglas et al">Douglas et al, 2002</ref>.
 
Common weed species growing in waste places, disturbed sites, pastures, prairies, and roadsides <ref name="Seyermark">Seyermark, 1963</ref>. Dry woods and open sites (Justice and Bell, 1968). Dry to moderately dry soils <ref name="Douglas et al">Douglas et al, 2002</ref>.
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==Uses==
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===Uses===
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===Site Rehabilitation===
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====Site Rehabilitation====
 
Useful for attracting pollinating insects. Fibrous roots have the capacity to stabilize disturbed soils <ref name="USDA">USDA, 2002</ref> <ref name="Haddock">Haddock, 2000</ref>
 
Useful for attracting pollinating insects. Fibrous roots have the capacity to stabilize disturbed soils <ref name="USDA">USDA, 2002</ref> <ref name="Haddock">Haddock, 2000</ref>
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===Wildlife===
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====Wildlife====
 
Attracts mega-chilid bee, sphecid wasps, leatherwing beetles <ref name="Gara and Meunhow">Gara and Meunhow, 1990</ref>
 
Attracts mega-chilid bee, sphecid wasps, leatherwing beetles <ref name="Gara and Meunhow">Gara and Meunhow, 1990</ref>
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===Landscpaing===
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====Landscaping====
 
Annual species but possible to mass in beds for pleasing purple colour.  
 
Annual species but possible to mass in beds for pleasing purple colour.  
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===First Nations===
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====First Nations====
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Liquid compound of root taken for dyspepsia from overeating; Infusion of roots taken and used as a bath for dyspepsia; Used as an emetic.<ref>Native American Ethnobotany Database. (n.d.). Retrieved from
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Liquid compound of root taken for dyspepsia from overeating; Infusion of roots taken and used as a bath for dyspepsia; Use as an emetic.<ref>Native American Ethnobotany Database. (n.d.). Retrieved from
 
<nowiki>http://naeb.brit.org/uses/search/?string=triodanis</nowiki></ref>
 
<nowiki>http://naeb.brit.org/uses/search/?string=triodanis</nowiki></ref>
  
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==Propagation==
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===Propagation===
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===Seed Propagation===
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====Seed Propagation====
 
*Seed collection time: June-August
 
*Seed collection time: June-August
 
*Crop intervals: Annual
 
*Crop intervals: Annual
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==Photo Gallery==
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===Photo Gallery===
 
<gallery>
 
<gallery>
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Image:329 2011615214815.jpg
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File: TRIPER1.jpg |Courtesy of CNLM
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Image:4825927636 e7de0e13b4.jpg
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File: TRIPER2.png|T. perfoliata seedling courtesy of CNLM
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File: TRIPER1.jpg
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File: TRIPER3.jpg | 2004 Rod Gilbert
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File: TRIPER2.png|T. perfoliata seedling
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File: TRPE LisaHintz sd 2012.jpg | T. perfoliata seeds. Photo Lisa Hintz
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File: TRIPER3.jpg
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</gallery>
 
</gallery>
  
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==References==
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===References===
 
<references />
 
<references />
  
 
[http://www.goert.ca/propagation_guidelines/forbs/triodanis_perfoliata Garry Oak Ecosystems Recovery Team Propagation Guidelines]<br><br>
 
[http://www.goert.ca/propagation_guidelines/forbs/triodanis_perfoliata Garry Oak Ecosystems Recovery Team Propagation Guidelines]<br><br>

Latest revision as of 11:35, 30 June 2021

  • Scientific Name: Triodanis perfoliata
  • Family: Campanulaceae
  • Common Names: Venus' looking glass, clasping bellwort
  • Previous names and misapplications: Specularia perfoliata
Triodanis perfoliata. Photo Ben Legler 2011

Taxonomy

Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Subkingdom: Viridiplantae
Phylum: Tracheophyta
Subphylum: Spermatophytina
Class: Magnoliopsida
Subclass: Asteranae
Order: Asterales
Family: Campanulaceae
Genus: Triodanis Raf ex. Greene
Species: Triodanis perfoliata (L.) Nieuwl.
Synonyms
  • Legousia perfoliata (L.) Britton
  • Specularia perfoliata (L.) A. DC.
[1]

Description

Annual herb growing from taproot[2] with axillary purple flowers, to 60 cm tall.[3] Stems erect, usually simple or sometimes branched, hairy.[4] Leaves cauline, alternate, clasping, cordate to rotund, 0.5-3 cm long, lowest leaves narrow and short-petiolate.[4] Flowers axillary on upper stem with 1 to several in each axil,[3] radially symmetrical; calyx, corolla and androecium inserted on hypanthium; sepals 5, narrowly triangular, sometimes connate at base; corolla 5-lobed, rotate,[2] 8-13 mm long;[4] stamens 5;[3] pistil 3-carpellate,[5] with 1 to 3-lobed style, inferior ovary becoming an elliptic to oblong capsule, dehiscent by distal pore.[2]

Bloom Period

April - June[3]

Distribution

Southern British Columbia to California; mainly west of the Cascade crest in Washington, both sides of Cascades in Oregon and California.[2]

Habitat

Common weed species growing in waste places, disturbed sites, pastures, prairies, and roadsides [6]. Dry woods and open sites (Justice and Bell, 1968). Dry to moderately dry soils [7].

Uses

Site Rehabilitation

Useful for attracting pollinating insects. Fibrous roots have the capacity to stabilize disturbed soils [8] [9]

Wildlife

Attracts mega-chilid bee, sphecid wasps, leatherwing beetles [10]

Landscaping

Annual species but possible to mass in beds for pleasing purple colour.

First Nations

Liquid compound of root taken for dyspepsia from overeating; Infusion of roots taken and used as a bath for dyspepsia; Use as an emetic.[11]

Propagation

Seed Propagation

  • Seed collection time: June-August
  • Crop intervals: Annual

Fruit and Seed Collection and Extraction

Collect capsules by hand into collection bags. Allow to dry, and then shake collection bags to release seeds.

Fruit/Seed Dormancy and Treatment

Sow seeds outdoors in flats or containers in late summer or early fall and allow dormancy to be broken naturally.

Outplanting Characteristics and Requirements

Plant in full sun to partial shade in coarse-textured, free-draining soils.


Photo Gallery

  • Courtesy of CNLM

  • T. perfoliata seedling courtesy of CNLM

  • 2004 Rod Gilbert

  • T. perfoliata seeds. Photo Lisa Hintz

References

  1. ↑ Interagency Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved from https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=34615#null
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Hitchcock, C. L., Cronquist, A., Giblin, D., & Legler, B. et al. (2018). Flora of the Pacific Northwest: an illustrated manual. Seattle: University of Washington Press. p. 517.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 WTU Herbarium, Burke Museum, & University of Washington. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://biology.burke.washington.edu/herbarium/imagecollection/taxon.php?Taxon=Triodanis%20perfoliata
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 E-Flora BC: Electronic Atlas of the Flora of British Columbia. Retrieved from https://linnet.geog.ubc.ca/Atlas/Atlas.aspx?sciname=Triodanis%20perfoliata
  5. ↑ Zomlefer, W. (1994). Guide to Flowering Plant Families. Chapel Hill, NC: The University of North Carolina Press. p. 211.
  6. ↑ Seyermark, 1963
  7. ↑ Douglas et al, 2002
  8. ↑ USDA, 2002
  9. ↑ Haddock, 2000
  10. ↑ Gara and Meunhow, 1990
  11. ↑ Native American Ethnobotany Database. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://naeb.brit.org/uses/search/?string=triodanis

Garry Oak Ecosystems Recovery Team Propagation Guidelines

Retrieved from "http://wikis.evergreen.edu/pugetprairieplants/index.php?title=Triodanis_perfoliata&oldid=5218"

The Evergreen State College