Difference between revisions of "Castilleja hispida"

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[[File:|300px|thumb|right|Photographer: Rod Gilbert]]
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* Scientific Name: ''Castilleja'' ''hispida''
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* Family: Orobanchaceae
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===Taxonomy===
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* Common Names: harsh paintbrush
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* Codon: CASHIS
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Kingdom: Plantae
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[[File:CASHIS1.jpg |thumb|Photo by Rod Gilbert, 2006. Also featured on Main Page]]
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Subkingdom (unranked): Tracheobionta
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=== Taxonomy ===
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{{Taxobox
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Superdivision (unranked):  Spermatophyta
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| name =
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| image =
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Division:  Magnoliophyta
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| image_alt =
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| image_caption = Photo by Rod Gilbert, 2006. Also featured on Main Page
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Class: Magnoliopsida
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| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
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| subregnum = Viridiplantae
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Subclass (unranked): Asteridae
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| phylum = Tracheophyta
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| subphylum= Spermatophytina
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Order: Scrophulariales
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| classis=  Magnoliopsida
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| subclassis = Asteranae
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Family: Scrophulariaceae
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| ordo = Lamiales
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| familia = Orobanchaceae
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Genus: ''Castilleja'' Mutis ex L. f.  
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| genus = ''Castilleja'' Mutis ex L. f.  
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| species = '''''Castilleja hispida''''' Benth.
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Species: ''C. hispida'' Benth.
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| binomial =
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| binomial_authority =
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| synonyms =
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}}
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<ref>Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved from https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=33063</ref>
  
 
===Description===
 
===Description===
  
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General: Perennial, the stems mostly unbranched, clustered, erect or ascending from a woody base, 2-6 dm. tall, finely villous.
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Erect, perennial, hemiparasitic<ref name=":1">Bowcutt, F., & Hamman, S. (2016). ''Vascular Plants of the South Sound Prairies''. p. 107</ref> herb with mostly unbranched stems and showy, terminal flowers growing from a woody base, finely villous, up to 60 cm tall.<ref name=":0">WTU
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Leaves: Leaves alternate, lanceolate or broader, finely villous, the lower ones entire and reduced; upper leaves with 1-2 pairs of lateral lobes, these much narrower than the mid-blade.
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Herbarium, Burke Museum, & University of Washington. Retrieved from<nowiki/>http://biology.burke.washington.edu/herbarium/imagecollection/taxon.php?Taxon=Castilleja%20hispida</ref> Leaves alternate, lobed,<ref name=":1" /> lanceolate, to 8.5 cm long.<ref>Flora of North America. Retrieved
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Flowers: Inflorescence showy, short and broad, becoming elongate, scarlet or red, occasionally yellow; bracts broad and deeply 3- to 5-lobed; calyx 15-30 mm. long, deeply cleft above and below, its primary lobes again divided into 2 segments; corolla 20-40 mm. long, its puberulent upper lip about equaling the tube, the lower lip only 1/5 as long, dark green, thickened; stamens 4.
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from http://dev.floranorthamerica.org/Castilleja_hispida</ref> Inflorescences are leafy bracteate, terminal spikes,<ref name=":2">Hitchcock, C. L., Cronquist, A., Giblin, D.,
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Fruit: Capsule.
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& Legler, B. et al. (2018). ''Flora of the Pacific Northwest: an
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illustrated manual''. Seattle: University of Washington Press.p. 498.</ref> the bracts rounded and laterally lobed.<ref name=":3">Hitchcock, C. L., Cronquist, A., Giblin, D.,
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& Legler, B. et al. (2018). ''Flora of the Pacific Northwest: an
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illustrated manual''. Seattle: University of Washington Press. p. 505.</ref> Bract and upper leaf lobes mostly occurring past mid-leaf.<ref name=":3" /> Flowers zygomorphic; calyx 4-lobed, unequal, brightly colored; corolla tubular, bilabiate; stamens 5, didanymous, epipetalous; ovary superior, becoming a loculicidal capsule.<ref name=":2" />
 
===Bloom Period===
 
===Bloom Period===
  
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Late April - August
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Late April - August<ref name=":0" />
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===Distribution===
 
===Distribution===
  
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Both sides of the Cascades, British Columbia to Oregon, east to Montana.<ref name=":0" />
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Both sides of the Cascades, British Columbia to Oregon, east to Montana.
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===Habitat===
 
===Habitat===
  
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Prairies, grassy slopes and forest openings, low to mid elevation.<ref name=":0" />
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Grassy slopes and forest openings, from sea level to moderate elevations in the mountains.
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===Uses===
 
===Uses===
  
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==== Ecology and Wildlife ====
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Pollinator food source. Important host plant for the federally
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endangered Taylor’s checkerspot butterfly. High palatability for browsing and grazing animals.
  
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==== First Nations ====
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Site Rehabilitation:  Pollinator food source
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Used to trap hummingbirds after being covered with snail slime, as well as its nectar being a source of candy for the Nitinaht.<ref>Native American Ethnobotany Database. Retrieved from <nowiki>http://naeb.brit.org/uses/search/?string=castilleja+hispida</nowiki></ref>
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Wildlife:  High palatability for browsing and grazing animals.
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First Nations:  Used to trap hummingbirds after being covered with snail slime, as well as its nectar being a source of candy for the Nitinaht.
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===Propagation===
 
===Propagation===
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a) SEED PROPAGATION
 
a) SEED PROPAGATION
  
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[[File:CAHI.png|thumb|right|300px|''Castilleja hispida'' seed <br> Photo Credit Lisa Hintz]]
  
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===Seed===
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===Photo Gallery===
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===References===
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http://plants.usda.gov/java/charProfile?symbol=CAHI9
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http://biology.burke.washington.edu/herbarium/imagecollection.php
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http://depts.washington.edu/propplnt/Plants/castilleja%20hispida.htm
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http://herb.umd.umich.edu/herb/search.pl
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===seed===
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'''Abbreviation:''' CAHI
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'''Seed sample from:''' 2011
 
'''Seed sample from:''' 2011
  
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'''Longitudinal Cross Section:''' obovate [[File:CAHI long.png]]
 
'''Longitudinal Cross Section:''' obovate [[File:CAHI long.png]]
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{{Basics}}
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===Photo Gallery===
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<gallery>
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File: CASHIS2.jpg|Photo by Ray Izumi, 2011
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File: CASHIS3.jpg|Young growth, photo courtesy of CNLM
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</gallery>
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===References===
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http://plants.usda.gov/java/charProfile?symbol=CAHI9
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http://biology.burke.washington.edu/herbarium/imagecollection.php
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http://depts.washington.edu/propplnt/Plants/castilleja%20hispida.htm
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http://herb.umd.umich.edu/herb/search.pl
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<references />

Latest revision as of 15:29, 25 June 2021

  • Scientific Name: Castilleja hispida
  • Family: Orobanchaceae
  • Common Names: harsh paintbrush
  • Codon: CASHIS
Photo by Rod Gilbert, 2006. Also featured on Main Page

Taxonomy

Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Subkingdom: Viridiplantae
Phylum: Tracheophyta
Subphylum: Spermatophytina
Class: Magnoliopsida
Subclass: Asteranae
Order: Lamiales
Family: Orobanchaceae
Genus: Castilleja Mutis ex L. f.
Species: Castilleja hispida Benth.

[1]

Description

Erect, perennial, hemiparasitic[2] herb with mostly unbranched stems and showy, terminal flowers growing from a woody base, finely villous, up to 60 cm tall.[3] Leaves alternate, lobed,[2] lanceolate, to 8.5 cm long.[4] Inflorescences are leafy bracteate, terminal spikes,[5] the bracts rounded and laterally lobed.[6] Bract and upper leaf lobes mostly occurring past mid-leaf.[6] Flowers zygomorphic; calyx 4-lobed, unequal, brightly colored; corolla tubular, bilabiate; stamens 5, didanymous, epipetalous; ovary superior, becoming a loculicidal capsule.[5]

Bloom Period

Late April - August[3]

Distribution

Both sides of the Cascades, British Columbia to Oregon, east to Montana.[3]

Habitat

Prairies, grassy slopes and forest openings, low to mid elevation.[3]

Uses

Ecology and Wildlife

Pollinator food source. Important host plant for the federally endangered Taylor’s checkerspot butterfly. High palatability for browsing and grazing animals.

First Nations

Used to trap hummingbirds after being covered with snail slime, as well as its nectar being a source of candy for the Nitinaht.[7]

Propagation

a) SEED PROPAGATION

Castilleja hispida seed
Photo Credit Lisa Hintz

Seed

Seed sample from: 2011

Average Measurement: 1.5 x 0.9 x 0.9

Measurement Range: L: 1.1 – 2, W: 0.6 – 1.2, D: 0.6 – 1.1

Features

Shape: Seed coat cone shaped, tapered at hilum, broadening at opposite apex. Inner seed rice shaped.

Color: Tan seed coat, inner seed slightly darker.

Surface: Seed coat papery and honeycombed with slight luster. Inner seed laterally striate and matte.

Could be confused with: Castilleja levisecta

Latitudinal Cross Section: elliptical CAHI lat.png

Longitudinal Cross Section: obovate CAHI long.png

Basic Explanations and Assumptions:

The dimensions for the seeds are length x width x depth. The location of the hilum is used as the base of the seed, and the length is measured from hilum to the opposite apex. Where a style is present, the length is measured from the hilum to the bottom of the style. Width is measured at a right angle to the length at the widest part. Depth is measured at a right angle to the intersection of height and width lines.

Measurements included are the mean average for each measurement of ten separate seeds.

All measurements in millimeters unless otherwise noted.

Photo Gallery

  • Photo by Ray Izumi, 2011

  • Young growth, photo courtesy of CNLM

References

http://plants.usda.gov/java/charProfile?symbol=CAHI9 http://biology.burke.washington.edu/herbarium/imagecollection.php http://depts.washington.edu/propplnt/Plants/castilleja%20hispida.htm http://herb.umd.umich.edu/herb/search.pl

  1. ↑ Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved from https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=33063
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Bowcutt, F., & Hamman, S. (2016). Vascular Plants of the South Sound Prairies. p. 107
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 WTU Herbarium, Burke Museum, & University of Washington. Retrieved fromhttp://biology.burke.washington.edu/herbarium/imagecollection/taxon.php?Taxon=Castilleja%20hispida
  4. ↑ Flora of North America. Retrieved from http://dev.floranorthamerica.org/Castilleja_hispida
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Hitchcock, C. L., Cronquist, A., Giblin, D., & Legler, B. et al. (2018). Flora of the Pacific Northwest: an illustrated manual. Seattle: University of Washington Press.p. 498.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Hitchcock, C. L., Cronquist, A., Giblin, D., & Legler, B. et al. (2018). Flora of the Pacific Northwest: an illustrated manual. Seattle: University of Washington Press. p. 505.
  7. ↑ Native American Ethnobotany Database. Retrieved from http://naeb.brit.org/uses/search/?string=castilleja+hispida
Retrieved from "http://wikis.evergreen.edu/pugetprairieplants/index.php?title=Castilleja_hispida&oldid=5169"

The Evergreen State College