Difference between revisions of "Sisyrinchium idahoense"

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[[File:SIID LisaHintz sd 2012.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Sisyrichium idahoense seed. Photo by Lisa Hintz]]
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*Scientific Name: ''Sisyrinchium idahoense''
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*Scientific Name: Sisyrichium idahoense
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*Family: Iridaceae
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*English Names: Blue-eyed grass, Idaho blue-eyed grass
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*Other Names: Sisyrinchium angustifolium
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==Taxonomy==
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*Kingdom: Plantae
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*(unranked): Angiosperms
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*(unranked): Monocots
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*Order: Asparagales
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*Family: Iridaceae
 
*Family: Iridaceae
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*Subfamily: Iridoideae
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*Common Names: blue-eyed grass, Idaho blue-eyed grass
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*Tribe: Sisyrinchieae
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*Codon: SISIDA
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*Genus: Sisyrinchium
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----
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*Species: S. idahoense
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[[File:SISIDA8.jpg|thumb|Photo by Ben Legler, 2004, also featured on Main Page]]
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==Description==
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===Taxonomy===
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Showy, tufted perennial to 40 cm tall; stems usually flattened and wing-margined. Leaves mostly basal, long (to 20 cm).and very narrow (< 2 mm broad). Flowers blue to purplish-blue often with a yellow "eye", small (about 2 cm across) and in a terminal cluster of one to five flowers above a pair of sheathing, leaf-like bracts. Fruits egg-shaped capsules to 6 mm long, with black seeds <ref name="Pojar">Pojar and MacKinnon, 1994</ref>
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{{Taxobox
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| name =
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| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
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| subregnum = Viridiplantae
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| phylum = Tracheophyta
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| subphylum= Spermatophytina
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| classis = Magnoliopsida
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| subclassis = Lilianae
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| ordo = Asparagales
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| familia = Iridaceae
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| genus = ''Sisyrinchium'' L.
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| species = '''''Sisyrinchium idahoense''''' E.P. Bicknell
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| subspecies =
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}}
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<ref>Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved from https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=43266#null</ref>
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===Description===
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Showy, tufted perennial to 40 cm tall; stems usually flattened and wing-margined. Leaves mostly basal, long (to 20 cm.) and very narrow (< 2 mm broad).
  
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==Bloom Period==
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Flowers consisting of 6 tepals, blue to purplish-blue with yellow centers. Flowers are small (about 2 cm across) and arranged in a terminal cluster of two to five flowers above a pair of sheathing, leaf-like bracts, emerging much lie irises.
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May to July
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==Distribution==
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==Habitat==
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1 prominent pistil and 3 stamens, ovary in inferior and pubescent.
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===Ecological Setting===
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Moist to wet grassy meadows, vernal seepage areas, marshes, roadside ditches; at low to middle elevations <ref name="Pojar"/>
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Fruits egg-shaped capsules to 6 mm long, with black seeds <ref name="Pojar">Pojar and MacKinnon, 1994</ref><ref name=":0">Bowcutt, F., & Hamman, Sarah. (2016). ''Vascular plants''
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===Soil Texture===
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of the South Sound prairies'' (First ed.). Olympia, Washington: The Evergreen''
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Fine to well-drained.
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State College Press.</ref>
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===Soil Reaction / Salinity===
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Mildly acidic to alkaline (pH 5.5 to 7.5) (Henderson, 1976)
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===Bloom Period===
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===Moisture Regime===
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March to June
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Dry to fresh (Tenenbaum et al., 1994).
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===Distribution===
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===Shade Tolerance===
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Both ''S. i.'' var. ''occidentale'' (outer tepals 8-13 mm, inner spathe 12-20mm; spathe keel margins entire) and ''S. i.'' var. ''segetum (''outer tepals 10-17 mm; spathe keel margins generally denticulate) have been reported in the South Salish Sea region. <ref>Hitchcock, C. L., Cronquist, A., Giblin, D., & Legler,
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Full sun to partial shade (Tenenbaum et al., 1994).
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B. et al. (2018). ''Flora of the Pacific Northwest: an illustrated manual''.
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===Successional Status===
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Seattle: University of Washington Press.</ref><ref name=":0" />
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Considered a "weedy" species and a good colonizer (Alverson, 2002).
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===Garry-oak Ecosystem Community Status===
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No information but probably a component of moister meadows in Garry oak ecosystems.
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==Uses==
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===Habitat===
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===Site Rehabilitation===
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====Ecological Setting====
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Possible reclamation species in moister pockets in selected sites <ref>Winters, 2002</ref><br>
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Moist to wet grassy meadows, vernal seepage areas, marshes, roadside ditches; at low to middle elevations <ref name="Pojar" />
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===Wildlife===
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====Soil Texture====
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Fine to well-drained.
 +
====Soil Reaction / Salinity====
 +
Mildly acidic to alkaline (pH 5.5 to 7.5) <ref name="Henderson">Henderson, 1976</ref>
 +
====Shade Tolerance====
 +
Full sun to partial shade <ref name="Tenenbaum">Tenenbaum et al., 1994</ref>
 +
====Successional Status====
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Considered a "weedy" species and a good early secession species after disturbance. <ref name="Alverson">Alverson, 2002</ref>
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===Uses===
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====Site Rehabilitation====
 +
Possible reclamation species in moister pockets in selected sites <ref>Winters, 2002</ref>
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====Wildlife====
 
Solitary bees of the family Megachilidae are mainly responsible for cross-pollination in natural populations. <ref name="Henderson">Henderson, 1976</ref>
 
Solitary bees of the family Megachilidae are mainly responsible for cross-pollination in natural populations. <ref name="Henderson">Henderson, 1976</ref>
  
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===Landscaping===
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====Landscaping====
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Mass-plant to create a showy display in a border or a rock garden <ref>Tenenbaum et al., 1994</ref><br>
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Mass-plant to create a showy display in a border or a rock garden <ref name="Tenenbaum" />
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===First Nations===
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Infusion of root given to children for diarrhea; Eaten as cooked greens for “regular bowels”; decoction of roots and stalks taken before morning meal for constipation; compound with plant taken for “summer complaint”; infusion of plant taken for stomach troubles and stomach worms; mixed with other greens and eaten.
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===Propagation===
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==Propagation==
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====Seed Propagation====
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===Seed Propagation===
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Flowers are protandrous, thereby promoting out-crossing and at the same time reducing the chances for self pollination. S. idahoensis is an octoploid species and often exhibits a lag of up to 24 hours between anther maturation and stigma receptivity <ref name="Henderson" />
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Flowers are protandrous, thereby promoting out-crossing and at the same time reducing the chances for self pollination. S. idahoensis is an octoploid species and often exhibits a lag of up to 24 hours between anther maturation and stigma receptivity <ref name="Henderson"/>
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====Fruit and Seed Collection and Extraction====
 
====Fruit and Seed Collection and Extraction====
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Collect capsules by hand when ripe into collecting bags. Allow to dry further and then shake bags to extract seeds <ref name="Schultz"> Schultz et al., 2001</ref>
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Collect capsules by hand when ripe into collecting bags. Allow to dry further and then shake bags to extract seeds <ref name="Schultz">Schultz et al., 2001</ref>
  
 
====Seed Storage====
 
====Seed Storage====
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Cold store at 5º C for up to three years <ref name="Schultz"/>
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Cold store at 5º C for up to three years <ref name="Schultz" />
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[[File:SIID LisaHintz sd 2012.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Sisyrichium idahoense seed. Photo by Lisa Hintz]]
 
====Fruit/Seed Dormancy and Treatment====  
 
====Fruit/Seed Dormancy and Treatment====  
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Seal seeds in a Ziploc-style bag or a Rubbermaid-style container in equal amounts of seed to perlite or vermiculite, and add just enough water to moisten the mixture. Cold stratify at 5º C for 8 to 12 weeks <ref name="Schultz"/>  
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Seal seeds in a Ziploc-style bag or a Rubbermaid-style container in equal amounts of seed to perlite or vermiculite, and add just enough water to moisten the mixture. Cold stratify at 5º C for 8 to 12 weeks <ref name="Schultz" />  
  
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===Outplanting Characteristics and Requirements===
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====Outplanting Characteristics and Requirements====
 
Out-plant in the fall to take advantage of natural moisture or plant in spring and provide supplementary watering. Successfully self-seeds in situ. Can be successfully divided in situ in the spring by simply teasing plants apart and replanting the resulting clumps <ref>R. Bridgeman, pers. comm.</ref>
 
Out-plant in the fall to take advantage of natural moisture or plant in spring and provide supplementary watering. Successfully self-seeds in situ. Can be successfully divided in situ in the spring by simply teasing plants apart and replanting the resulting clumps <ref>R. Bridgeman, pers. comm.</ref>
  
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==Photo Gallery==
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===Photo Gallery===
 
<gallery>
 
<gallery>
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Image:SIID PatMontegue flw good.JPG|photos by Pat Montegue
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Image:SIID PatMontegue flw good.JPG|Pat Montegue
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Image:SIID PatMontegue flw good1.JPG
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Image:SIID PatMontegue flw good1.JPG|Pat Montegue
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Image:SIID PatMontegue flw good2.JPG
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Image:SIID PatMontegue flw good2.JPG|Pat Montegue
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Image:SIID PatMontegue sdh good.jpg
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Image:SIID PatMontegue sdh good.jpg|Pat Montegue
 
</gallery>
 
</gallery>
  
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==References==
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===References===
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<References/>
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<references />
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[http://www.goert.ca/propagation_guidelines/forbs/sisyrinchium_idahoense Garry Oak Ecosystems Recovery Team]<br>
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[http://herb.umd.umich.edu/herb University of Michigan Dearborn Native American Ethnobotany Database]<br>
+

Latest revision as of 22:53, 20 March 2021

  • Scientific Name: Sisyrinchium idahoense
  • Family: Iridaceae
  • Common Names: blue-eyed grass, Idaho blue-eyed grass
  • Codon: SISIDA
Photo by Ben Legler, 2004, also featured on Main Page

Taxonomy

Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Subkingdom: Viridiplantae
Phylum: Tracheophyta
Subphylum: Spermatophytina
Class: Magnoliopsida
Subclass: Lilianae
Order: Asparagales
Family: Iridaceae
Genus: Sisyrinchium L.
Species: Sisyrinchium idahoense E.P. Bicknell

[1]

Description

Showy, tufted perennial to 40 cm tall; stems usually flattened and wing-margined. Leaves mostly basal, long (to 20 cm.) and very narrow (< 2 mm broad).

Flowers consisting of 6 tepals, blue to purplish-blue with yellow centers. Flowers are small (about 2 cm across) and arranged in a terminal cluster of two to five flowers above a pair of sheathing, leaf-like bracts, emerging much lie irises.

1 prominent pistil and 3 stamens, ovary in inferior and pubescent.

Fruits egg-shaped capsules to 6 mm long, with black seeds [2][3]

Bloom Period

March to June

Distribution

Both S. i. var. occidentale (outer tepals 8-13 mm, inner spathe 12-20mm; spathe keel margins entire) and S. i. var. segetum (outer tepals 10-17 mm; spathe keel margins generally denticulate) have been reported in the South Salish Sea region. [4][3]

Habitat

Ecological Setting

Moist to wet grassy meadows, vernal seepage areas, marshes, roadside ditches; at low to middle elevations [2]

Soil Texture

Fine to well-drained.

Soil Reaction / Salinity

Mildly acidic to alkaline (pH 5.5 to 7.5) [5]

Shade Tolerance

Full sun to partial shade [6]

Successional Status

Considered a "weedy" species and a good early secession species after disturbance. [7]

Uses

Site Rehabilitation

Possible reclamation species in moister pockets in selected sites [8]

Wildlife

Solitary bees of the family Megachilidae are mainly responsible for cross-pollination in natural populations. [5]

Landscaping

Mass-plant to create a showy display in a border or a rock garden [6]

Propagation

Seed Propagation

Flowers are protandrous, thereby promoting out-crossing and at the same time reducing the chances for self pollination. S. idahoensis is an octoploid species and often exhibits a lag of up to 24 hours between anther maturation and stigma receptivity [5]

Fruit and Seed Collection and Extraction

Collect capsules by hand when ripe into collecting bags. Allow to dry further and then shake bags to extract seeds [9]

Seed Storage

Cold store at 5º C for up to three years [9]

Sisyrichium idahoense seed. Photo by Lisa Hintz

Fruit/Seed Dormancy and Treatment

Seal seeds in a Ziploc-style bag or a Rubbermaid-style container in equal amounts of seed to perlite or vermiculite, and add just enough water to moisten the mixture. Cold stratify at 5º C for 8 to 12 weeks [9]

Outplanting Characteristics and Requirements

Out-plant in the fall to take advantage of natural moisture or plant in spring and provide supplementary watering. Successfully self-seeds in situ. Can be successfully divided in situ in the spring by simply teasing plants apart and replanting the resulting clumps [10]

Photo Gallery

  • Pat Montegue

  • Pat Montegue

  • Pat Montegue

  • Pat Montegue

References

  1. ↑ Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved from https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=43266#null
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Pojar and MacKinnon, 1994
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Bowcutt, F., & Hamman, Sarah. (2016). Vascular plants of the South Sound prairies (First ed.). Olympia, Washington: The Evergreen State College Press.
  4. ↑ Hitchcock, C. L., Cronquist, A., Giblin, D., & Legler, B. et al. (2018). Flora of the Pacific Northwest: an illustrated manual. Seattle: University of Washington Press.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Henderson, 1976
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Tenenbaum et al., 1994
  7. ↑ Alverson, 2002
  8. ↑ Winters, 2002
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 Schultz et al., 2001
  10. ↑ R. Bridgeman, pers. comm.
Retrieved from "http://wikis.evergreen.edu/pugetprairieplants/index.php?title=Sisyrinchium_idahoense&oldid=5083"

The Evergreen State College