Difference between revisions of "Campanula rotundifolia"

From Puget Prairie Plants
(→‎Taxonomy)
(→‎Description)
 
(19 intermediate revisions by 4 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
−
First overview block:Campanula rotundifolia,,Campanulaceae, Harebell, Bluebell bellflower, Bluebell-of-Scotland
+
* Scientific Name: ''Campanula'' ''rotundifolia''
−
==Taxonomy==
+
* Family: Campanulaceae
−
+
* Common Names: bluebell-of-scotland, bluebell, roundleaf harebell
−
*Kingdom         Plantae – Plants <br>
+
* Codon: CAMROT
−
*Subkingdom         Tracheobionta – Vascular plants  <br>
+
----
−
*Superdivision Spermatophyta – Seed plants <br>
+
[[File:CARO RodGilbert flw 7-2004.jpg |thumb|Photo by Rod Gilbert, 2007. Also featured on Main Page]]
−
*Division         Magnoliophyta – Flowering plants <br>
+
=== Taxonomy ===
−
*Class         Magnoliopsida – Dicotyledons <br>
+
{{Taxobox
−
*Subclass       -  Asteridae <br>
+
| name =
−
*Order     -  Asterales <br>
+
| image =
−
*Family Asteraceae       
+
| image_alt = Campanula rotundifolia
−
*Genus         Balsamorhiza
+
| image_caption = Photo by Rod Gilbert, 2007. Also featured on Main Page
−
*Species      B. deltoidea
+
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
 +
| subregnum = Viridiplantae
 +
| phylum = Tracheophyta
 +
| subphylum= Spermatophytina
 +
| classis = Magnoliopsida
 +
| ordo = Asterales
 +
| familia = Campanulaceae
 +
| genus = ''Campanula'' L.
 +
| species = '''''Campanula rotundifolia''''' L.
 +
| binomial =
 +
| binomial_authority =
 +
| synonyms = *''Campanula rotundifolia'' var. ''velutina'' A. DC.
 +
*''Campanula heterodoxa'' Vest ex Schult.
 +
}}
 +
<ref>Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved from https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=34497</ref>
  
−
==Description==
+
===Description===
  
−
General: Perennial herbs with a branched system of rhizomes arising from a taproot, the stems 1-8 dm. tall, usually glabrous.
+
Perennial, typically glabrous, rhizomatous herb growing from a taproot, up to 80 cm tall with bluish purple flowers.<ref name=":0">WTU
−
Leaves: Basal leaves long-petiolate, the blades highly variable, from broadly ovate to cordate-rotund or oblanceolate, entire or toothed, up to 2 cm. long; cauline leaves alternate, fairly numerous, broadly linear, 1.5-8 cm. long.
+
Herbarium, Burke Museum, & University of Washington. Retrieved from http://biology.burke.washington.edu/herbarium/imagecollection/taxon.php?Taxon=Campanula%20rotundifolia</ref> Leaves entire;<ref name=":1">Hitchcock, C. L., Cronquist, A., Giblin, D.,
−
Flowers: Flowers several in a lax raceme, erect or nodding on long pedicels; calyx lobes 5, 4-12 mm. long, entire; corolla bell-shaped, blue, 1.5-3 cm. long, the 5 lobes much shorter than the tube; stamens 5, free from the corolla; style nearly equaling the corolla; ovary inferior.
+
& Legler, B. et al. (2018). ''Flora of the Pacific Northwest: an
−
Fruit: Capsule 3-celled, nodding, broadly obconic, 4-8 mm. long.
+
illustrated manual''. Seattle: University of Washington Press. p. 515.</ref> basal leaves long petiolate,<ref name=":1" /> round to broadly ovate;<ref name=":2">Bowcutt,
 +
F., & Hamman, S. (2016). ''Vascular
 +
Plants of the South Sound Prairies''.
 +
p. 80.</ref> cauline leaves alternate, linear, to 8 cm long.<ref name=":0" /> Inflorescences racemose.<ref name=":2" /> Flowers radially symmetrical,<ref name=":1" /> calyx lobes 5, linear;<ref name=":0" /> corolla campanulate, bluish purple, 5-lobed;<ref name=":1" /> stamens 5; ovary inferior, becoming nodding 3-celled capsule, 4-8 mm long.<ref name=":0" />
  
−
A delicate perennial with graceful, slender stems, usually in clusters, rising in height from 4-15 in. The stems can be weak so that the entire plant bends over. Its rounded, basal leaves wither early while the narrow, stem leaves remain. Blue-violet bell-shaped flowers hang singly or in clusters along the top parts of nodding, thread-like, mostly unbranched stems that grow in small patches. The nodding, bell-shaped, lavender flowers are borne in loose clusters at stem tips.
+
===Bloom Period===
−
The genus name, from the Latin campana (bell), means little bell. The name Harebell may allude to an association with witches, who were believed able to transform themselves into hares, portents of bad luck when they crossed a persons path. In Scotland, another old name for this plant was Witches Thimble. The characteristics of this perennial vary considerably, depending on habitat conditions. Among other common species are the Southern Harebell (<ref>C. divaricata</ref>), with wider leaves and smaller, white or pale lavender flowers, typical of wet, grassy meadows. The common garden Bellflower (<ref>C. rapunculoides</ref>), which frequently escapes from cultivation, has flowers usually borne on one side of the stems and lanceolate or heart-shaped leaves.
+
June - September<ref name=":0" />
 +
===Distribution===
 +
Widely distributed throughout Washington; circumboreal.<ref name=":0" />
 +
===Habitat===
 +
Open, rocky areas across altitudes<ref name=":0" /> with sandy, well-drained soils.<ref>Plants for a Future. Retrieved from https://pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Campanula+rotundifolia</ref>
  
−
==Bloom Period==
+
===Uses===
−
==Distribution==
+
−
Widely distributed throughout Washington; circumboreal.
+
−
==Habitat==
+
−
Ecological Setting-Open, rocky areas from low elevations to the sub-alpine.
+
−
Soil Texture-Sandy, well-drained soils
+
−
Moisture Regime-Dry soils
+
−
Shade Tolerance-Mostly shade intolerant
+
−
Successional Status-Early
+
  
−
==Uses==
+
First Nations - Use by a number of different tribes as heart and ear medicine, and as a fumigant for eye medicine. Navajo use as spiritual medicine for protection.<ref>Native
 +
American Ethnobotany Database. Retrieved from http://naeb.brit.org/uses/search/?string=Campanula+rotundifolia</ref>
  
−
Wildlife-Attracts hummingbirds. Bumblebees and swallowtail butterflies visit the campanula flowers
+
Wildlife - Attracts Butterflies, moths, birds, and bees.<ref>Washington Native Plant Society. Retrieved from https://www.wnps.org/component/rsdirectory/entry/view/69-campanula-rotundifolia&highlight=WyJjYW1wYW51bGEiLCJyb3R1bmRpZm9saWEiLCJjYW1wYW51bGEgcm90dW5kaWZvbGlhIl0=</ref>
−
Landscaping-Harebell is easily cultured and does well in a variety of sites including rock gardens. Flowers are long lasting.
+
−
First Nations-Used by a number of different tribes as a ceremonial fumigant
+
−
Other-Leaves may be eaten raw or cooked.
+
  
−
==Propagation==
+
===Propagation===
  
 
SEED PROPAGATION
 
SEED PROPAGATION
  
−
For best results, seeds should be sown inside and not covered after sowing. They should be bottom-watered. These seedlings will germinate quickly but will not flower until the second year. Root cuttings or stem cuttings stuck in damp sand are other propagation methods useful for this species.
+
For best results, seeds should be sown inside and not covered after sowing. They should be bottom-watered. These seedlings will germinate quickly but will not flower until the second year. Root cuttings or stem cuttings stuck in damp sand are other propagation methods useful for this species.<ref>Native Plants of North America. Retrieved from https://www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=caro2
 +
</ref>
 
{| border="1"
 
{| border="1"
 
|-
 
|-
Line 57: Line 69:
 
|}
 
|}
 
Fruit/Seed Dormancy and Treatment:No treatment. Seeds may need light for good germination.
 
Fruit/Seed Dormancy and Treatment:No treatment. Seeds may need light for good germination.
−
 
−
 
 
===Seed===
 
===Seed===
−
'''Abbreviation:'''CARO
 
−
 
 
'''Seed sample from:''' 2011
 
'''Seed sample from:''' 2011
  
Line 67: Line 75:
  
 
'''Measurement Range:''' L: 1 - 1.1, W: 0.3 - 0.5, D: 0.2 - 0.3
 
'''Measurement Range:''' L: 1 - 1.1, W: 0.3 - 0.5, D: 0.2 - 0.3
−
[[File:CARO CNLMvol sd 2012.jpg|right|thumb|250px]]
+
[[File:CARO CNLMvol sd 2012.jpg|thumb|250px|Photo by Lisa Hintz]]
  
 
====Features====
 
====Features====
Line 83: Line 91:
 
{{Basics}}
 
{{Basics}}
  
−
==Photo Gallery==
+
===Photo Gallery===
  
 
<gallery>
 
<gallery>
−
File:1.png
+
File: CAMROT2.jpg|Photo by Ray Izumi, 2009
−
File:2-2.png
+
File:CARO CNLMvol sdh 7-2007.jpg|Photo by CNLM volunteer, 2007. Courtesy of CNLM
−
File:3-3.png
+
File:CAMROT3.jpg|Courtesy of CNLM, example of highly variable basal leaf morphology
−
File:CARO CNLMvol sd 2012.jpg
+
File:CAMROT4.jpg|Courtesy of CNLM, example of highly variable basal leaf morphology
−
File:CARO CNLMvol sdh 7-2007.jpg
+
File:CAMROT5.jpg|Courtesy of CNLM, example of highly variable basal leaf morphology
−
File:CARO RodGilbert flw 7-2004.jpg
+
File:CAMROT6.jpg|Courtesy of CNLM, example of highly variable basal leaf morphology
 
</gallery>
 
</gallery>
 +
===References===
  
−
==References==
 
−
C. divaricata
 
−
C. rapunculoides
 
−
usda
 
 
<references />
 
<references />

Latest revision as of 11:16, 25 June 2021

  • Scientific Name: Campanula rotundifolia
  • Family: Campanulaceae
  • Common Names: bluebell-of-scotland, bluebell, roundleaf harebell
  • Codon: CAMROT
Photo by Rod Gilbert, 2007. Also featured on Main Page

Taxonomy

Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Subkingdom: Viridiplantae
Phylum: Tracheophyta
Subphylum: Spermatophytina
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Asterales
Family: Campanulaceae
Genus: Campanula L.
Species: Campanula rotundifolia L.
Synonyms
  • Campanula rotundifolia var. velutina A. DC.
  • Campanula heterodoxa Vest ex Schult.

[1]

Description

Perennial, typically glabrous, rhizomatous herb growing from a taproot, up to 80 cm tall with bluish purple flowers.[2] Leaves entire;[3] basal leaves long petiolate,[3] round to broadly ovate;[4] cauline leaves alternate, linear, to 8 cm long.[2] Inflorescences racemose.[4] Flowers radially symmetrical,[3] calyx lobes 5, linear;[2] corolla campanulate, bluish purple, 5-lobed;[3] stamens 5; ovary inferior, becoming nodding 3-celled capsule, 4-8 mm long.[2]

Bloom Period

June - September[2]

Distribution

Widely distributed throughout Washington; circumboreal.[2]

Habitat

Open, rocky areas across altitudes[2] with sandy, well-drained soils.[5]

Uses

First Nations - Use by a number of different tribes as heart and ear medicine, and as a fumigant for eye medicine. Navajo use as spiritual medicine for protection.[6]

Wildlife - Attracts Butterflies, moths, birds, and bees.[7]

Propagation

SEED PROPAGATION

For best results, seeds should be sown inside and not covered after sowing. They should be bottom-watered. These seedlings will germinate quickly but will not flower until the second year. Root cuttings or stem cuttings stuck in damp sand are other propagation methods useful for this species.[8]

FloweringTime June- Sept
Seed CollectionTime Late July through mid-Sept.
Crop Intervals Perennial

Fruit/Seed Dormancy and Treatment:No treatment. Seeds may need light for good germination.

Seed

Seed sample from: 2011

Average Measurement: 1 x 0.4 x 0.2

Measurement Range: L: 1 - 1.1, W: 0.3 - 0.5, D: 0.2 - 0.3

Photo by Lisa Hintz

Features

Shape: Seeds tapering slightly at hilium end and opposite apex.

Color: Hilium and opposite end are dark brown. The rest of the seed is light brown.

Surface:Seeds longitudinally striate and glossy.


Latitudinal Cross Section: elliptical CARO lat.png

Longitudinal Cross Section: elliptical CARO long.png

Basic Explanations and Assumptions:

The dimensions for the seeds are length x width x depth. The location of the hilum is used as the base of the seed, and the length is measured from hilum to the opposite apex. Where a style is present, the length is measured from the hilum to the bottom of the style. Width is measured at a right angle to the length at the widest part. Depth is measured at a right angle to the intersection of height and width lines.

Measurements included are the mean average for each measurement of ten separate seeds.

All measurements in millimeters unless otherwise noted.

Photo Gallery

  • Photo by Ray Izumi, 2009

  • Photo by CNLM volunteer, 2007. Courtesy of CNLM

  • Courtesy of CNLM, example of highly variable basal leaf morphology

  • Courtesy of CNLM, example of highly variable basal leaf morphology

  • Courtesy of CNLM, example of highly variable basal leaf morphology

  • Courtesy of CNLM, example of highly variable basal leaf morphology

References

  1. ↑ Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved from https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=34497
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 WTU Herbarium, Burke Museum, & University of Washington. Retrieved from http://biology.burke.washington.edu/herbarium/imagecollection/taxon.php?Taxon=Campanula%20rotundifolia
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Hitchcock, C. L., Cronquist, A., Giblin, D., & Legler, B. et al. (2018). Flora of the Pacific Northwest: an illustrated manual. Seattle: University of Washington Press. p. 515.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Bowcutt, F., & Hamman, S. (2016). Vascular Plants of the South Sound Prairies. p. 80.
  5. ↑ Plants for a Future. Retrieved from https://pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Campanula+rotundifolia
  6. ↑ Native American Ethnobotany Database. Retrieved from http://naeb.brit.org/uses/search/?string=Campanula+rotundifolia
  7. ↑ Washington Native Plant Society. Retrieved from https://www.wnps.org/component/rsdirectory/entry/view/69-campanula-rotundifolia&highlight=WyJjYW1wYW51bGEiLCJyb3R1bmRpZm9saWEiLCJjYW1wYW51bGEgcm90dW5kaWZvbGlhIl0=
  8. ↑ Native Plants of North America. Retrieved from https://www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=caro2
Retrieved from "http://wikis.evergreen.edu/pugetprairieplants/index.php?title=Campanula_rotundifolia&oldid=5165"

The Evergreen State College