Difference between revisions of "Barbarea orthoceras"

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==Taxonomy==
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* Scientific Name: ''Barbarea'' ''orthoceras''
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SCIENTIFIC NAME: Barbarea orthoceras
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* Family: Brassicaceae
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FAMILY: Brassicaceae
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* Common Names: American wintercress rocket, yellow rocket
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ENGLISH NAME: American yellow-rocket, American wintercress
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* Synonyms/Misapplications: ''Barbarea'' ''americana, Barbarea'' ''stricta, Campe'' ''orthoceras''
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* Codon: BARORT
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[[File:BAOR RodGilbert flw good.jpg |thumb|Photo: Rod Gilbert, 2006. Also featured on Main Page]]
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=== Taxonomy ===
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{{Taxobox
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| name = | image =
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| image_alt = Barbarea orthoceras
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| image_caption = Photo: Rod Gilbert, 2006. Also featured on Main Page
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| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
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| subregnum = Viridiplantae
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| phylum = Tracheophyta
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| subphylum= Spermatophytina
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| classis = Magnoliopsida
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| ordo = Brassicales
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| familia = Brassicaceae
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| genus = ''Barbarea'' W. T. Aiton
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| species = '''''Barbarea orthoceras''''' Ledeb.
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| binomial =
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| binomial_authority =
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| synonyms = *''B. americana'' Rydb. <br />
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*''B. orthoceras'' var. ''dolichocarpa'' Fernald
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}}
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<ref>Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved from https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=22740</ref>
  
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==Description==
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===Description===
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General: Mostly glabrous biennial from a taproot and simple crown, the stems stiff, erect, angled, single but freely-branched, 2-6 dm. tall.
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Erect, mostly glabrous biennial herb growing from a taproot with yellow racemes, to 6 dm tall.<ref name=":0">WTU
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Leaves: Basal leaves long-petiolate, up to 12 cm. long, the blade usually lyrate-pinnatifid to pinnate, the lateral lobes 8-10, entire to round-toothed, the terminal lobe ovate, entire or irregularly toothed, the petiole often with long, marginal hairs; cauline leaves alternate, similar to the basal but reduced upward, becoming simple and sagittate.
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Herbarium, Burke Museum, & University of Washington. Retrieved from http://biology.burke.washington.edu/herbarium/imagecollection/taxon.php?Taxon=Barbarea%20vulgaris</ref> Basal and cauline leaves lyrate-pinnatifid, lobes 1-4 on each side,<ref name=":2">Flora of North America. Retrieved from http://dev.floranorthamerica.org/Barbarea_orthoceras</ref> margins entire to crenate.<ref name=":0" /> Cauline leaves alternate, auriculate-clasping.<ref name=":2" /> Racemes ebractate.<ref name=":3">Hitchcock, C. L., Cronquist, A., Giblin, D.,
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Flowers: Inflorescence of compound or single and terminal racemes, with reduced racemes in the lower leaf axils; pedicles stout, 2-3 mm. long; sepals 4, pale yellowish-green, 2 mm. long; petals 4, yellow, spatulate-oblanceolate, 3-5 mm. long; stamens 6; style beak-like, 0.5-2 mm. long; stigma slightly lobed.
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& Legler, B. et al. (2018). ''Flora of the Pacific Northwest: an
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Fruit: Siliques 1.5-5 cm. long and 1.5-2.5 mm. broad, slightly compressed, 4-angled, strongly 1-nerved full length, erect or strongly ascending, nearly straight.
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illustrated manual''. Seattle: University of Washington Press. p. 284.</ref> Flowers bi-radially symmetrical, 4-merous; stamens 6, tetradynamous;<ref name=":1" /> ovary superior, 2-carpellate, becoming linear, 1-nerved,<ref name=":3" /> 4-angled siliques, 1.5-5 cm long.<ref name=":1" />
  
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==Bloom Period==
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===Bloom Period===
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Apr-May
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April-July<ref name=":0" />
  
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==Distribution==
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===Distribution===
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Alaska to the mountains of California, east though the Rockies to the New England states.
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Throughout Washington. From Alaska to California and across northern North America.<ref name=":1">WTU
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Herbarium, Burke Museum, & University of Washington. Retrieved from http://biology.burke.washington.edu/herbarium/imagecollection/browse.php?Genus=Barbarea</ref>
  
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==Habitat==
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===Habitat===
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Meadows, stream banks and moist woods, low to mid-elevations in the mountains.
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Lower elevation meadows, stream banks and forests.<ref name=":1" />Hardy to zone 0,<ref>USDA Plants Database. Retrieved from https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=baor</ref> preferring moist, well-drained soil.<ref>Plants for a Future. Retrieved from https://pfaf.org/User/plant.aspx?LatinName=Barbarea+vulgaris</ref>
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It is hardy to zone 0. The flowers are hermaphrodite (have both male and female organs) and are pollinated by Flies, bees, beetles. The plant is self-fertile.  
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The plant prefers light (sandy), medium (loamy) and heavy (clay) soils and requires well-drained soil. The plant prefers acid, neutral and basic (alkaline) soils. It can grow in semi-shade (light woodland) or no shade. It requires moist soil.
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==Uses==
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===Uses===
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First Nations use rosettes of the dark green shiny leaves can be cooked or eaten raw in a salad
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First Nations use rosettes of the dark green shiny leaves can be cooked or eaten raw in a salad.<ref>Native
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American Ethnobotany Database. Retrieved from http://naeb.brit.org/uses/7013/</ref>
  
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==Propagation==
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===Propagation===
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Sow seeds in situ in early spring to early summer.Succeeds in sun or shade in a moist well-drained soil
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Sow seeds in situ in early spring to early summer.Succeeds in sun or shade in a moist well-drained soil. <ref>Huxley. A. ''The New RHS Dictionary of Gardening. (1992).'' MacMillan Press.</ref>
  
  
  
 
===Seed===
 
===Seed===
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[[File:Barbarea orthoceras.jpg|250px|thumb|right|''Barbarea orthoceras'']]
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[[File:Barbarea orthoceras.jpg|250px|thumb|''Barbarea orthoceras,'' photo by Lisa Hintz]]
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[[File:Barbarea orthoceras single.jpg|250px|thumb|right|''Barbarea orthoceras'']]
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[[File:Barbarea orthoceras single.jpg|250px|thumb|''Barbarea orthoceras,'' photo by Lisa Hintz]]
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'''Abbreviation:''' BAOR
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'''Seed sample from:''' 2011
 
'''Seed sample from:''' 2011
  
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'''Measurement Range:''' L: 1.4 - 1.9, W: 1 - 1.3, D: 0.7 - 1
 
'''Measurement Range:''' L: 1.4 - 1.9, W: 1 - 1.3, D: 0.7 - 1
  
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====Features====
 
  
 
'''Color:''' Hilum reddish and pinched looking. Seed is brownish red.
 
'''Color:''' Hilum reddish and pinched looking. Seed is brownish red.
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{{Basics}}
 
{{Basics}}
  
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==Photo Gallery==
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===Photo Gallery===
 
<gallery>
 
<gallery>
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File:BAOR BudKovatchik veg poor.jpg
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File:BAOR BudKovatchik veg poor.jpg|Photo: Bud Kovalchik
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File:BAOR RodGilbert flw good.jpg
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</gallery>
 
</gallery>
  
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==References==
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===References===
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<references/>
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<references />

Latest revision as of 20:31, 24 June 2021

  • Scientific Name: Barbarea orthoceras
  • Family: Brassicaceae
  • Common Names: American wintercress rocket, yellow rocket
  • Synonyms/Misapplications: Barbarea americana, Barbarea stricta, Campe orthoceras
  • Codon: BARORT
Photo: Rod Gilbert, 2006. Also featured on Main Page

Taxonomy

Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Subkingdom: Viridiplantae
Phylum: Tracheophyta
Subphylum: Spermatophytina
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Brassicales
Family: Brassicaceae
Genus: Barbarea W. T. Aiton
Species: Barbarea orthoceras Ledeb.
Synonyms
  • B. americana Rydb.
  • B. orthoceras var. dolichocarpa Fernald

[1]

Description

Erect, mostly glabrous biennial herb growing from a taproot with yellow racemes, to 6 dm tall.[2] Basal and cauline leaves lyrate-pinnatifid, lobes 1-4 on each side,[3] margins entire to crenate.[2] Cauline leaves alternate, auriculate-clasping.[3] Racemes ebractate.[4] Flowers bi-radially symmetrical, 4-merous; stamens 6, tetradynamous;[5] ovary superior, 2-carpellate, becoming linear, 1-nerved,[4] 4-angled siliques, 1.5-5 cm long.[5]

Bloom Period

April-July[2]

Distribution

Throughout Washington. From Alaska to California and across northern North America.[5]

Habitat

Lower elevation meadows, stream banks and forests.[5]Hardy to zone 0,[6] preferring moist, well-drained soil.[7]

Uses

First Nations use rosettes of the dark green shiny leaves can be cooked or eaten raw in a salad.[8]

Propagation

Sow seeds in situ in early spring to early summer.Succeeds in sun or shade in a moist well-drained soil. [9]


Seed

Barbarea orthoceras, photo by Lisa Hintz
Barbarea orthoceras, photo by Lisa Hintz

Seed sample from: 2011

Average Measurement: 1.6 x 1.1 x 0.8

Measurement Range: L: 1.4 - 1.9, W: 1 - 1.3, D: 0.7 - 1


Color: Hilum reddish and pinched looking. Seed is brownish red.

Surface:Some concave pitting on seed surface. Entire seed is covered with a net veined pattern giving it a scaly appearance. Seed is shiny.

Latitudinal Cross Section: elliptical BAORlat.png

Longitudinal Cross Section: elliptical BAORlong.png

Basic Explanations and Assumptions:

The dimensions for the seeds are length x width x depth. The location of the hilum is used as the base of the seed, and the length is measured from hilum to the opposite apex. Where a style is present, the length is measured from the hilum to the bottom of the style. Width is measured at a right angle to the length at the widest part. Depth is measured at a right angle to the intersection of height and width lines.

Measurements included are the mean average for each measurement of ten separate seeds.

All measurements in millimeters unless otherwise noted.

Photo Gallery

  • Photo: Bud Kovalchik

References

  1. ↑ Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved from https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=22740
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 WTU Herbarium, Burke Museum, & University of Washington. Retrieved from http://biology.burke.washington.edu/herbarium/imagecollection/taxon.php?Taxon=Barbarea%20vulgaris
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Flora of North America. Retrieved from http://dev.floranorthamerica.org/Barbarea_orthoceras
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Hitchcock, C. L., Cronquist, A., Giblin, D., & Legler, B. et al. (2018). Flora of the Pacific Northwest: an illustrated manual. Seattle: University of Washington Press. p. 284.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 WTU Herbarium, Burke Museum, & University of Washington. Retrieved from http://biology.burke.washington.edu/herbarium/imagecollection/browse.php?Genus=Barbarea
  6. ↑ USDA Plants Database. Retrieved from https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=baor
  7. ↑ Plants for a Future. Retrieved from https://pfaf.org/User/plant.aspx?LatinName=Barbarea+vulgaris
  8. ↑ Native American Ethnobotany Database. Retrieved from http://naeb.brit.org/uses/7013/
  9. ↑ Huxley. A. The New RHS Dictionary of Gardening. (1992). MacMillan Press.
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The Evergreen State College