Difference between revisions of "Arctostaphylos uva-ursi"

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'''Scientific Name:''' Arctostaphylos uva-ursi
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* Scientific Name: ''Arctostaphylos'' ''uva-ursi''
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* Family: Ericaceae
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* Common Names: red bearberry, kinnikinnik
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* Synonyms/Misapplications: ''Arbutus'' ''uva-ursi''
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* Codon: ARCUVA
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----
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[[File:ARCUVA1.jpg  |thumb|Photo by Bernard Kovalchik. Also featured on Main Page]]
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=== Taxonomy ===
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{{Taxobox
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| image =
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| image_caption =Photo by Bernard Kovalchik. Also featured on Main Page
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| name = 
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| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
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| subregnum = Viridiplantae
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| phylum = Tracheophyta
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| subphylum= Spermatophytina
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| classis = Magnoliopsida
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| subclassis = Asteranae
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| ordo = Ericales
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| familia = Ericaceae
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| genus = ''Arctostaphylos'' Adans.
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| species = '''''Arctostaphylos uva-ursi''''' (L.) Spreng
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| subspecies =
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| synonyms = *''Arctostaphylos adenotricha'' (Fernald & J.F. Macbr.) A. Löve & D. Löve & Kapoor
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*''Uva-Ursi uva-ursi'' (L.) Britton
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}}
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<ref>Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved from https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=23530</ref>
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===Description===
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Perennial, prostrate shrub with spreading, rooting stolons, leathery evergreen leaves, urn-shaped flowers becoming red berries.<ref name=":0" /> Stems with reddish bark, sparsely hairy.<ref>Flora of North America. Retrieved from http://dev.floranorthamerica.org/Arctostaphylos_uva-ursi</ref> Leaves oblanceolate to spatulate, alternate, shiny above. Inflorescences racemous, pendant.<ref>Jepson Herbarium Online Flora. Retrieved from https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/eflora_display.php?tid=13990</ref> Flowers 5-merous, white to pinkish; corolla fused, urn shaped; stamens 10, hairy basally, awned, dehiscent by terminal pore;<ref>Hitchcock, C. L., Cronquist, A., Giblin, D.,
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& Legler, B. et al. (2018). ''Flora of the Pacific Northwest: an
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illustrated manual''. Seattle: University of Washington Press. p. 402.</ref> ovary superior, becoming bright red berries.<ref name=":0" />
  
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'''Family''' ericaceae
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===Bloom Period===
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April - June<ref name=":0">WTU
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Herbarium, Burke Museum, & University of Washington. Retrieved from http://biology.burke.washington.edu/herbarium/imagecollection/taxon.php?Taxon=Arctostaphylos%20uva-ursi</ref>
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===Distribution===
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Alaska south to California and New Mexico, east to the Atlantic Coast; also in Eurasia.<ref name=":0" />
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===Habitat===
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Prairies and dry meadows, dry coniferous forests, coastal bluffs.<ref name=":0" /> Medium and coarse, nitrogen poor soils.<ref>Klinka et al., 1989</ref>
  
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'''Common Name:''' Kinnikinnick,Bearberry, Red bearberry
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===Uses===
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[[File:ARUV1.png|thumb|right|250px]]
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Use by many First Nations as a smoke plant, food source, diuretic, for kidney treatment and as jewelry.<ref>Native
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'''Abbreviation Code:''' ARUV
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American Ethnobotany Database. Retrieved from http://naeb.brit.org/uses/search/?string=Arctostaphylos+uva-ursi</ref>
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==Taxonomy==
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*Kingdom         Plantae – Plants <br>
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*Subkingdom         Tracheobionta – Vascular plants  <br>
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*Superdivision Spermatophyta – Seed plants <br>
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*Division         Magnoliophyta – Flowering plants <br>
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*Class         Magnoliopsida – Dicotyledons <br>
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*Subclass    - Ericales
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*Order     -  Ericales
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*Family-  ericaceae   
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*Genus       '' Arctostaphylos''
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*Species      '' uva-ursi''
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==Description==
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General: Shrub; stems trailing across ground, less than 2 dm tall.
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Leaves: Alternate, 1-3 cm long, dark green, leathery, rounded at tip.
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Flowers: Light pink urn-shaped flowers in small clusters near tips of stems.
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Fruit: Bright red round berries 7-10 mm in diameter.
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Prostrate shrub with somewhat stoloniferous rooting stems sometimes forming mats several meters wide; bark reddish to brownish, peeling off; stems ascending at the tip, 5-15 cm tall, minutely hairy, sometimes glandular. Leaves: Alternate, evergreen, leathery, egg- to spoon-shaped, 1-3 cm long, 0.3-1.2 cm wide, rounded at tip, rarely pointed, narrowed basally; entire, glabrous to minutely hairy especially on the margins and midrib, dark green above, paler below; stalks 2-5 mm long. Flowers: several in few-flowered terminal clusters; flower stalks 2-5 mm long, straight or curved, borne in the axils of hairy bracts; corollas pinkish-white, urn-shaped, 4-6 mm long, five lobed; clayces 1-1.5 mm long. Berries, bright red, 5-10 mm wide (<ref>Douglas et al., 1999</ref>).
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==Bloom Period==
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April - June
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==Distribution==
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Alaska south to California and New Mexico, east to the Atlantic Coast; also in Eurasia.
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==Habitat==
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Ecological Setting-Coastal bluffs and prairies, rocky balds, dry subalpine meadows, and dry coniferous forest.
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Soil Texture-Medium and coarse textured soils
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Nutrients-Nitrogen poor soils (<ref>Klinka et al., 1989</ref>).
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Soil Reaction / Salinity-5.5-8.0 pH – medium salinity
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Moisture Regime Low moisture use – high drought tolerance
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Shade Tolerance Intermediate shade tolerance
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Successional Status-Common in open canopy in young seral lodgepole pine forests (<ref>Klinka et al., 1989</ref>).
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==Uses==
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==Propagation==
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===Propagation===
  
  
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[https://npn.rngr.net/npn/propagation/protocols/ericaceae-arctostaphylos-2765/?searchterm=Arctostaphylos%20uva-ursi Native Plant Network Propagation Protocol]
  
 
===Seed===
 
===Seed===
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[[File:Arctostaphylis uva-ursi.jpg|300px|thumb|right|''Arctostaphylos uva-ursi'']]
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[[File:Arctostaphylis uva-ursi.jpg|300px|thumb|''Arctostaphylos uva-ursi,'' photo by Lisa Hintz]]
 
'''Seed sample from:''' 2009
 
'''Seed sample from:''' 2009
  
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{{Basics}}
 
{{Basics}}
  
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==Photo Gallery==
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===Photo Gallery===
 
<gallery>
 
<gallery>
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File:ARUV1.png
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File:ARCUVA2.jpg|Photo: Bernard Kovalchik
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File:ARUV12.png
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</gallery>
 
</gallery>
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==References==
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===References===
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<references/>
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<references />

Latest revision as of 18:14, 24 June 2021

  • Scientific Name: Arctostaphylos uva-ursi
  • Family: Ericaceae
  • Common Names: red bearberry, kinnikinnik
  • Synonyms/Misapplications: Arbutus uva-ursi
  • Codon: ARCUVA
Photo by Bernard Kovalchik. Also featured on Main Page

Taxonomy

Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Subkingdom: Viridiplantae
Phylum: Tracheophyta
Subphylum: Spermatophytina
Class: Magnoliopsida
Subclass: Asteranae
Order: Ericales
Family: Ericaceae
Genus: Arctostaphylos Adans.
Species: Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng
Synonyms
  • Arctostaphylos adenotricha (Fernald & J.F. Macbr.) A. Löve & D. Löve & Kapoor
  • Uva-Ursi uva-ursi (L.) Britton

[1]

Description

Perennial, prostrate shrub with spreading, rooting stolons, leathery evergreen leaves, urn-shaped flowers becoming red berries.[2] Stems with reddish bark, sparsely hairy.[3] Leaves oblanceolate to spatulate, alternate, shiny above. Inflorescences racemous, pendant.[4] Flowers 5-merous, white to pinkish; corolla fused, urn shaped; stamens 10, hairy basally, awned, dehiscent by terminal pore;[5] ovary superior, becoming bright red berries.[2]

Bloom Period

April - June[2]

Distribution

Alaska south to California and New Mexico, east to the Atlantic Coast; also in Eurasia.[2]

Habitat

Prairies and dry meadows, dry coniferous forests, coastal bluffs.[2] Medium and coarse, nitrogen poor soils.[6]

Uses

Use by many First Nations as a smoke plant, food source, diuretic, for kidney treatment and as jewelry.[7]

Propagation

Native Plant Network Propagation Protocol

Seed

Arctostaphylos uva-ursi, photo by Lisa Hintz

Seed sample from: 2009

Average Measurement: 3.9 x 2.3 x 1.8

Measurement Range: L: 3.75 - 4, W: 2.1 - 2.5, D: 1.5 - 2.25

Features

Shape: Fruits segmented with seeds like an orange. Individual seeds are orange segment shaped.

Color: Seeds brown. Hilum is a small brown dot on the ridge where the two flat planes of the segment come together.

Surface: Seed mostly smooth. Rounded surface of seed is ridged. It has a slight sheen on the flat planes.

Latitudinal Cross Section: triangular ARUV lat.png

Longitudinal Cross Section: elliptical ARUV long.png


Basic Explanations and Assumptions:

The dimensions for the seeds are length x width x depth. The location of the hilum is used as the base of the seed, and the length is measured from hilum to the opposite apex. Where a style is present, the length is measured from the hilum to the bottom of the style. Width is measured at a right angle to the length at the widest part. Depth is measured at a right angle to the intersection of height and width lines.

Measurements included are the mean average for each measurement of ten separate seeds.

All measurements in millimeters unless otherwise noted.

Photo Gallery

  • Photo: Bernard Kovalchik

References

  1. ↑ Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved from https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=23530
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 WTU Herbarium, Burke Museum, & University of Washington. Retrieved from http://biology.burke.washington.edu/herbarium/imagecollection/taxon.php?Taxon=Arctostaphylos%20uva-ursi
  3. ↑ Flora of North America. Retrieved from http://dev.floranorthamerica.org/Arctostaphylos_uva-ursi
  4. ↑ Jepson Herbarium Online Flora. Retrieved from https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/eflora_display.php?tid=13990
  5. ↑ Hitchcock, C. L., Cronquist, A., Giblin, D., & Legler, B. et al. (2018). Flora of the Pacific Northwest: an illustrated manual. Seattle: University of Washington Press. p. 402.
  6. ↑ Klinka et al., 1989
  7. ↑ Native American Ethnobotany Database. Retrieved from http://naeb.brit.org/uses/search/?string=Arctostaphylos+uva-ursi
Retrieved from "http://wikis.evergreen.edu/pugetprairieplants/index.php?title=Arctostaphylos_uva-ursi&oldid=5155"

The Evergreen State College