Difference between revisions of "Ranunculus occidentalis"

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'''Common name:''' Western buttercup
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*Scientific Name: ''Ranunculus occidentalis'' var. ''occidentalis''  
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* Family: Ranunculaceae
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'''Abbreviation Code (Codon):''' RAOC
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* Common Names: western buttercup 
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* Synonyms/Misapplications: ''Ranunclus eisenii, R. occidentalis'' var''. eisenii, R. o.'' var. ''rattanii, R. o.'' var. ''typicus''
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* Codon: RANOCC
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----
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[[File:RAOC BenLegler veg avg.jpg|thumb|photo by Ben Legler]]
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=== Taxonomy ===
 
{{Taxobox
 
{{Taxobox
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| name = Ranunculus occidentalis| image = RAOC BenLegler veg avg.jpg
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| name =
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| image_alt = Ranunculus occidentalis
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| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
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| image_caption = Ranunculus occidentalis
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| subregnum = Viridiplantae
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| regnum = Plantae
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| phylum = Tracheophyta
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| subregnum = Tracheobionta
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| subphylum= Spermatophytina
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| phylum = Spermatophyta
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| subphylum= Magnoliophyta
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| classis = Magnoliopsida
 
| classis = Magnoliopsida
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| subclassis = Magnoliidae
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| subclassis = Ranunculanae
 
| ordo = Ranunculales
 
| ordo = Ranunculales
 
| familia = Ranunculaceae
 
| familia = Ranunculaceae
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| genus = '''''Ranunculus'''''
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| genus = ''Ranunculus'' L.
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| species = '''''Ranunculus occidentalis '''''Nutt.
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| species = '''''Ranunculus occidentalis''''' Nutt.
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| binomial =  
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| subspecies = '''''Ranunculus occidentalis'' var. ''occidentalis''''' Nutt.
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| binomial_authority =  
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| range_map =  
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| synonyms =  
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| range_map_caption =
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}}
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<ref>Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved from https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=18632#null</ref>
  
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}}
 
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===Description===
 
===Description===
  
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General: Stiff-hairy perennial from slender fibrous roots, the 1-several stems erect, usually hollow, freely branched, 1.5-4 dm. tall.
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Erect perennial with stiff hairs emerging from slender fibrous roots, stems usually hollow, 1.5-4 dm tall.
  
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Leaves:  Basal leaves long-petiolate, the blades 2-3.5 cm. long, deeply 3-lobed, the lobes with coarse, rounded teeth; cauline leaves alternate, more deeply dissected, reduced upward to the entire bracts.   
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Basal leaves long-petiolate, the blades 2-3.5 cm. long, deeply lobed into 3 segments, the lobes with coarse, rounded teeth; cauline leaves alternate, more deeply dissected, reduced upward to the entire bracts.   
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Flowers: Pedicels single-flowered, up to 10 cm. long; sepals 5, greenish or pinkish-tinged, spreading but sharply reflexed at mid-length, hairy, early-deciduous; petals 5, yellow, oblong, 9-12 mm. long and nearly half as broad; nectary scale broadly wedge-shaped, 1 mm. long, the lateral margins free ¾ their length; receptacle ovoid; stamens 30-60; pistils 10-20. <ref name="Center for Natural Lands Management"/>
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<ref name="Center for Natural Lands Management">[http://www.cnlm.org/cms/]</ref>
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[[File:RAOC GDCarr flw avg.jpg|right|300px|''Ranunculus occidentalis''flower]]
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Sepals strongly reflexed along a well-defined fold, bears 5-petaled yellow flowers with many pistils.
  
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The fruit is an aggregate of pumpkin-seed shaped achenes. The styles jutting out from the ends of achenes are less hooked than ''R. uncinatus.'' Leaves are also more pubescent and lighter in color than ''R. uncinatus.''<ref>WTU Herbarium, Burke Museum, & University of Washington. Retrieved from <nowiki>https://biology.burke.washington.edu/herbarium/imagecollection/taxon.php?Taxon=Ranunculus%20occidentalis%20var.%20occidentalis</nowiki></ref><ref name=":1">Hitchcock, C. L., Cronquist, A., Giblin, D., & Legler,
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B. et al. (2018). ''Flora of the Pacific Northwest: an illustrated manual''.
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Seattle: University of Washington Press.</ref><ref name=":0" />
 
===Bloom Period===
 
===Bloom Period===
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April-June <ref name="Center for Natural Lands Management">[http://www.cnlm.org/cms/]</ref>
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[[File:RAOC distribution.png|300px|thumb|right|''Ranunculus occidentalis'' range]]
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April-June, right before and among the Camas.<ref name=":0">Bowcutt, F., & Hamman, Sarah. (2016). ''Vascular plants''
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of the South Sound prairies'' (First ed.). Olympia, Washington: The Evergreen''
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State College Press.</ref>
  
 
===Distribution===
 
===Distribution===
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West of the Cascades, Alaska to California, and east to the Blue mountains in Oregon. <ref name="Center for Natural Lands Management">[http://www.cnlm.org/cms/]</ref>
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Southwest BC south, west of the Cascades, and in Columbia River Gorge, to California.<ref name=":1" />
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[[File:RAOC distribution.png|200px|thumb|right|''Ranunculus occidentalis'' distribution]]
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===Habitat===
 
===Habitat===
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Moist to well-drained soil, low to mid-elevations in the mountains.  
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Moist to well-drained soil, meadows and open woods, mostly west Cascades, Alaska to California, east to Alberta and northeast Oregon.<ref name=":1" />
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<ref name="Center for Natural Lands Management">[http://www.cnlm.org/cms/]</ref>
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===Uses===
 
===Uses===
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Landscaping: Meadow communities, lawn conversions or borders
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Ecological: Adult Mardon Skippers (''Polites mardon'') feed on the nectar of ''R. occidentalis,'' among other flowers. <ref name=":0" />  
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First Nations: The juice from the flowers was used as a poison. Seeds can be cooked and used as piñole either on their own or mixed with other seeds. The seed must be parched in order to remove an acrid principle.   
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===Propagation===
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First Nations: The juice from the flowers used as a poison.  Seeds cooked and used as piñole either on their own or mixed with other seeds. The seed must be parched in order to remove an acrid principle.<ref>Native American Ethnobotany Database. Retrieved from <nowiki>http://naeb.brit.org/uses/search/?string=ranunculus+occidentalis</nowiki></ref>
  
  
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===Seed===
 
===Seed===
  
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[[File:Ranunculus occidentalis.jpg|300px|thumb|right|''Ranunculus occidentalis'']]
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[[File:Ranunculus occidentalis.jpg|300px|thumb|right|Lisa Hintz]]
  
 
'''Seed sample from:''' 2011
 
'''Seed sample from:''' 2011
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===Photo Gallery===
 
===Photo Gallery===
 
<gallery>
 
<gallery>
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File:RAOC BenLegler veg avg.jpg
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File:RANOCC2.jpg|photo by Ben Legler
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File:RAOC GDCarr flw avg.jpg
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File:RANOCC1.jpg|young growth, courtesy of CNLM
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File:Ranunculus occidentalis.jpg
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File:Ranunculus occidentalis.jpg| Lisa Hintz
 
</gallery>
 
</gallery>
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===References===
 
===References===
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<References/>
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<references />

Latest revision as of 22:38, 20 March 2021

  • Scientific Name: Ranunculus occidentalis var. occidentalis
  • Family: Ranunculaceae
  • Common Names: western buttercup
  • Synonyms/Misapplications: Ranunclus eisenii, R. occidentalis var. eisenii, R. o. var. rattanii, R. o. var. typicus
  • Codon: RANOCC
photo by Ben Legler

Taxonomy

Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Subkingdom: Viridiplantae
Phylum: Tracheophyta
Subphylum: Spermatophytina
Class: Magnoliopsida
Subclass: Ranunculanae
Order: Ranunculales
Family: Ranunculaceae
Genus: Ranunculus L.
Species: Ranunculus occidentalis Nutt.
Subspecies: Ranunculus occidentalis var. occidentalis Nutt.

[1]

Description

Erect perennial with stiff hairs emerging from slender fibrous roots, stems usually hollow, 1.5-4 dm tall.

Basal leaves long-petiolate, the blades 2-3.5 cm. long, deeply lobed into 3 segments, the lobes with coarse, rounded teeth; cauline leaves alternate, more deeply dissected, reduced upward to the entire bracts.

Sepals strongly reflexed along a well-defined fold, bears 5-petaled yellow flowers with many pistils.

The fruit is an aggregate of pumpkin-seed shaped achenes. The styles jutting out from the ends of achenes are less hooked than R. uncinatus. Leaves are also more pubescent and lighter in color than R. uncinatus.[2][3][4]

Bloom Period

Ranunculus occidentalis range

April-June, right before and among the Camas.[4]

Distribution

Southwest BC south, west of the Cascades, and in Columbia River Gorge, to California.[3]

Habitat

Moist to well-drained soil, meadows and open woods, mostly west Cascades, Alaska to California, east to Alberta and northeast Oregon.[3]

Uses

Ecological: Adult Mardon Skippers (Polites mardon) feed on the nectar of R. occidentalis, among other flowers. [4]

First Nations: The juice from the flowers used as a poison. Seeds cooked and used as piñole either on their own or mixed with other seeds. The seed must be parched in order to remove an acrid principle.[5]


Seed

Lisa Hintz

Seed sample from: 2011

Average Measurement: 3.5 x 2.6 x 1

Measurement Range: L: 3 - 4, W: 2 - 3, D: 0.75 - 1.25

Features

Shape: Seed surface is rounded, tapering off to a style that is opposite hilum, but off centered from it.

Additional structures: Style generally 1 – 2 mm long.

Color: Seeds are brown, tending toward a lighter brown or tan at edges of seed surface.

Surface: Seeds are papillose with some small ridges around the surface edges.

Latitudinal Cross Section: elliptical RAOC latitudinal.png

Longitudinal Cross Section: elliptical RAOC-logitudinal.png


Basic Explanations and Assumptions:

The dimensions for the seeds are length x width x depth. The location of the hilum is used as the base of the seed, and the length is measured from hilum to the opposite apex. Where a style is present, the length is measured from the hilum to the bottom of the style. Width is measured at a right angle to the length at the widest part. Depth is measured at a right angle to the intersection of height and width lines.

Measurements included are the mean average for each measurement of ten separate seeds.

All measurements in millimeters unless otherwise noted.

Photo Gallery

  • photo by Ben Legler

  • young growth, courtesy of CNLM

  • Lisa Hintz

References

  1. ↑ Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved from https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=18632#null
  2. ↑ WTU Herbarium, Burke Museum, & University of Washington. Retrieved from https://biology.burke.washington.edu/herbarium/imagecollection/taxon.php?Taxon=Ranunculus%20occidentalis%20var.%20occidentalis
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Hitchcock, C. L., Cronquist, A., Giblin, D., & Legler, B. et al. (2018). Flora of the Pacific Northwest: an illustrated manual. Seattle: University of Washington Press.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Bowcutt, F., & Hamman, Sarah. (2016). Vascular plants of the South Sound prairies (First ed.). Olympia, Washington: The Evergreen State College Press.
  5. ↑ Native American Ethnobotany Database. Retrieved from http://naeb.brit.org/uses/search/?string=ranunculus+occidentalis
Retrieved from "http://wikis.evergreen.edu/pugetprairieplants/index.php?title=Ranunculus_occidentalis&oldid=5074"

The Evergreen State College