Difference between revisions of "Wyethia angustifolia"

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''Wyethia angustifolia'', Family: Asteraceae, Mule’s ears, California Compass-plant
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* Scientific Name: ''Wyethia angustifolia''  
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Narrowleaf Wyethia
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* Family: Asteraceae  
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*Common Names: mule’s ears, California compass-plant, narrowleaf wyethia.
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* Synonyms/Misapplications: ''Alarconia'' ''angustifolia'' DC.
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* Codon: WYEANG
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----
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[[File:WYEANG1.jpg|thumb|Photo by Ben Legler 2005. Featured on Main Page]]
  
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==Taxonomy==
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===Taxonomy ===
 
{{Taxobox
 
{{Taxobox
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| name = Wyethia angustifolia|
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| name =  
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| image_caption = Achillea millefolium
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| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
 
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
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| subregnum = Tracheobionta
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| subregnum = Viridiplantae
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| phylum = Spermatophyta
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| phylum = Tracheophyta
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| subphylum= Magnoliophyta
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| subphylum= Spermatophytina
 
| classis = Magnoliopsida
 
| classis = Magnoliopsida
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| subclassis = Asteridae
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| subclassis = Asteranae
 
| ordo = Asterales
 
| ordo = Asterales
 
| familia = Asteraceae
 
| familia = Asteraceae
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| genus = '''''Wyethia'''''
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| genus = ''Wyethia'' Nutt.
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| species = '''''Wyethia angustifolia (DC) Nutt.'''''
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| species = '''''Wyethia angustifolia''''' (DC) Nutt.
 
| binomial =  
 
| binomial =  
 
| binomial_authority =  
 
| binomial_authority =  
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| synonyms = ''Achillea borealis''
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| synonyms = *''Wyethia angustifolia'' var. ''foliosa'' (Congd.) H.M. Hall
 
}}
 
}}
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==Description==
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<ref>Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved from https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=38675#null</ref>
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General: Tap-rooted, leafy-stemmed perennial, the stems stout but lax, 2-9 dm. tall, the herbage covered with short, stiff, blunt hairs.
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Leaves: Leaves mostly entire, the basal ones enlarged, with narrow, elongate blades, 1.5-5 dm. long and 2.5-10 cm. wide, tapering at both ends; cauline leaves smaller and variable.
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Flowers: Heads usually solitary; involucral bracts lance-linear, in several series, herbaceous, with conspicuous hairs on the margins; rays 13-21, chrome-yellow, pistillate and fertile, 1.5-3.5 cm. long; disk flowers light yellow, perfect and fertile; receptacle broadly convex, chaffy throughout, the bracts clasping the achenes; pappus of petal-like appendages.
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Fruit: Achenes compressed-quadrangular
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==Bloom Period==
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===Description===
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*Flowering time: April-July
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Native, perennial herb growing from a taproot with a large, yellow pseudanthium, to 90 cm tall.<ref name=":0">WTU Herbarium, Burke Museum, & University of Washington.
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*Crop intervals: perennial
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Retrieved from
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<nowiki>https://biology.burke.washington.edu/herbarium/imagecollection/taxon.php?Taxon=Wyethia</nowiki>
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angustifolia</ref> Stems and leaves pubescent,<ref name=":2">Bowcutt, F., &
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Hamman, S. (2016). ''Vascular Plants of the South Sound Prairies''. Olympia:
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The Evergreen State College Press. p. 76.</ref> stems stout.<ref name=":0" /> Basal leaves simple, elongate, petiolate, tapering at both ends, to 50 cm long;<ref name=":0" /> cauline leaves smaller, alternate, often sessile.<ref name=":2" /> Pseudanthium radiate, usually solitary;<ref name=":3">Hitchcock, C. L., Cronquist, A., Giblin, D.,
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& Legler, B. et al. (2018). ''Flora of the Pacific Northwest: an''
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illustrated manual''. Seattle: University of Washington Press. pp. 625-626.''</ref> phyllaries linear to lanceolate, to 30 mm; ray florets 8-21, 15-45 mm; disk florets 10-11 mm;<ref>Jepson Herbarium Online Flora. Retrieved from https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/eflora_display.php?tid=5572</ref> receptacle convex, paleate;<ref name=":3" /> calyx hairy; stamens 5, sagittate, epipetalous, anthers connate around style; pistil 2-carpellate with bifid style, 2 stigmas and an inferior ovary with basal placentation<ref name=":3" /> becoming a compressed-quadrangular achene.<ref name=":0" />
  
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==Distribution==
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===Bloom Period===
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From the east edge of the Columbia Gorge to the confluence of the Willamette river, south through the Willamette Valley of Oregon to California.
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April-July<ref name=":0" />
  
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==Habitat==
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===Distribution===
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*The plant prefers light (sandy) and medium (loamy) soils and requires well-drained soil.The plant prefers acid, neutral and basic (alkaline) soils..It cannot grow in the shade.It requires moist soil.
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*Meadows and moist, open hillsides at low elevations.
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==Uses==
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Occurring west of the Cascades crest in southwestern Washington, and east in the Columbia River Gorge; Washington to California.<ref name=":0" />
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*Raw stems used for food; seeds used for pinole (food) and dried for winter use; decoction of leaves used to reduces fever and induce perspiration; decoction of roots taken as an emetic; poultice of root lather used for lung problems and to draw blisters
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*The seed can be dried, ground into a powder and used as a thickener in soups or can be added to cereal flours when making bread etc. Young leaves can be eaten raw. A lemon-yellow dye is obtained from the flowers. A gold to brass dye is obtained from the flowers, leaves and stems.
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==Propagation==
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===Habitat===
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Soak or stratify seed. Seeds should receive cool-moist stratification 90-120 days for proper germination
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Low elevation meadows and moist, open hillsides.<ref name=":0" />
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==Seed==
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===Uses===
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Raw stems used for food; seeds used for pinole (food) and dried for winter use; decoction of leaves used to reduce fever and induce perspiration; decoction of roots taken as an emetic; poultice of root lather used for lung problems and to draw blisters.<ref name=":1" />
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The seed can be dried, ground into a powder and used as a thickener in soups or can be added to cereal flours when making bread etc. Young leaves can be eaten raw. A lemon-yellow dye is obtained from the flowers. A gold to brass dye is obtained from the flowers, leaves and stems.<ref name=":1">Native American Ethnobotany Database. Retrieved from
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<nowiki>http://naeb.brit.org/</nowiki></ref>
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===Propagation===
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Soak or stratify seed. Seeds should receive cool-moist stratification 90-120 days for proper germination.<ref>Native Plants of North America. Retrieved from https://www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=WYAN</ref>
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===Seed===
 
Sample From: 2010
 
Sample From: 2010
  
Line 65: Line 76:
 
{{Basics}}
 
{{Basics}}
  
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==References==
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=== Photo Gallery<ref>https://biology.burke.washington.edu/herbarium/imagecollection/taxon.php?Taxon=Wyethia%20angustifolia</ref> ===
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http://plants.usda.gov/java/nameSearch<br />
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http://www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=WYAN<br />
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http://biology.burke.washington.edu/herbarium/imagecollection.php<br />
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http://herb.umd.umich.edu/<br />
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http://pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Wyethia+angustifolia
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==Photo Gallery==
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<gallery>
 
<gallery>
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File:WYAN G.D.Carr flw good.jpg
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File:WYEANG2.jpg|Photo Ben Legler 2005
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File:WYAN G.D.Carr veg avg.jpg
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</gallery>
 
</gallery>
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===References===
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<references />

Latest revision as of 17:16, 30 June 2021

  • Scientific Name: Wyethia angustifolia
  • Family: Asteraceae
  • Common Names: mule’s ears, California compass-plant, narrowleaf wyethia.
  • Synonyms/Misapplications: Alarconia angustifolia DC.
  • Codon: WYEANG
Photo by Ben Legler 2005. Featured on Main Page

Taxonomy

Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Subkingdom: Viridiplantae
Phylum: Tracheophyta
Subphylum: Spermatophytina
Class: Magnoliopsida
Subclass: Asteranae
Order: Asterales
Family: Asteraceae
Genus: Wyethia Nutt.
Species: Wyethia angustifolia (DC) Nutt.
Synonyms
  • Wyethia angustifolia var. foliosa (Congd.) H.M. Hall

[1]

Description

Native, perennial herb growing from a taproot with a large, yellow pseudanthium, to 90 cm tall.[2] Stems and leaves pubescent,[3] stems stout.[2] Basal leaves simple, elongate, petiolate, tapering at both ends, to 50 cm long;[2] cauline leaves smaller, alternate, often sessile.[3] Pseudanthium radiate, usually solitary;[4] phyllaries linear to lanceolate, to 30 mm; ray florets 8-21, 15-45 mm; disk florets 10-11 mm;[5] receptacle convex, paleate;[4] calyx hairy; stamens 5, sagittate, epipetalous, anthers connate around style; pistil 2-carpellate with bifid style, 2 stigmas and an inferior ovary with basal placentation[4] becoming a compressed-quadrangular achene.[2]

Bloom Period

April-July[2]

Distribution

Occurring west of the Cascades crest in southwestern Washington, and east in the Columbia River Gorge; Washington to California.[2]

Habitat

Low elevation meadows and moist, open hillsides.[2]

Uses

Raw stems used for food; seeds used for pinole (food) and dried for winter use; decoction of leaves used to reduce fever and induce perspiration; decoction of roots taken as an emetic; poultice of root lather used for lung problems and to draw blisters.[6]

The seed can be dried, ground into a powder and used as a thickener in soups or can be added to cereal flours when making bread etc. Young leaves can be eaten raw. A lemon-yellow dye is obtained from the flowers. A gold to brass dye is obtained from the flowers, leaves and stems.[6]

Propagation

Soak or stratify seed. Seeds should receive cool-moist stratification 90-120 days for proper germination.[7]

Seed

Sample From: 2010

Average Measurement: 7.6 x 2.5 x 2.2

Measurement Range: L: 7 - 8, W: 2 - 3, D: 1.9 - 2.5

Latitudinal Cross Section: circular Cerkal.png


Longitudinal Cross Section: elliptical Rede.png

Shape: Seed is long and narrow. Seed is narrow at hilum and broadens at opposite apex.

Additional Structures: Pappus that is attached at apex opposite hilum. Pappus fibers are broad at the base and are attached in a circular pattern. Pappus very brittle, and about ½ the length of the seed body.

Color: Hilum white, seed body medium brown, and pappus is tan to off-white.

Surface: Seed is matte with short bristles that are concentrated toward the pappus. Seed has many longitudinal ridges.

Basic Explanations and Assumptions:

The dimensions for the seeds are length x width x depth. The location of the hilum is used as the base of the seed, and the length is measured from hilum to the opposite apex. Where a style is present, the length is measured from the hilum to the bottom of the style. Width is measured at a right angle to the length at the widest part. Depth is measured at a right angle to the intersection of height and width lines.

Measurements included are the mean average for each measurement of ten separate seeds.

All measurements in millimeters unless otherwise noted.

Photo Gallery[8]

  • Photo Ben Legler 2005

References

  1. ↑ Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved from https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=38675#null
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 WTU Herbarium, Burke Museum, & University of Washington. Retrieved from https://biology.burke.washington.edu/herbarium/imagecollection/taxon.php?Taxon=Wyethia angustifolia
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Bowcutt, F., & Hamman, S. (2016). Vascular Plants of the South Sound Prairies. Olympia: The Evergreen State College Press. p. 76.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Hitchcock, C. L., Cronquist, A., Giblin, D., & Legler, B. et al. (2018). Flora of the Pacific Northwest: an illustrated manual. Seattle: University of Washington Press. pp. 625-626.
  5. ↑ Jepson Herbarium Online Flora. Retrieved from https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/eflora_display.php?tid=5572
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Native American Ethnobotany Database. Retrieved from http://naeb.brit.org/
  7. ↑ Native Plants of North America. Retrieved from https://www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=WYAN
  8. ↑ https://biology.burke.washington.edu/herbarium/imagecollection/taxon.php?Taxon=Wyethia%20angustifolia
Retrieved from "http://wikis.evergreen.edu/pugetprairieplants/index.php?title=Wyethia_angustifolia&oldid=5232"

The Evergreen State College