Difference between revisions of "Toxicoscordion venenosum"
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| − | Toxicoscordion venenosum var. venenosum | + | * Scientific Name: ''Toxicoscordion venenosum'' var. ''venenosum'' |
| − | [[File: | + | * Family: Melanthiaceae |
| + | * Common Names: death camas, meadow death camas, common death camas, deadly zigadenus. | ||
| + | * Synonyms and Misapplications: ''Zigadenus venenosus'' | ||
| + | * Codon: TOXVEN | ||
| + | ---- | ||
| + | [[File:TOXSCO1.jpg|thumb|333x333px|Toxicoscordion venenosum. Photo Ben Legler 2004, also featured on Main Page]] | ||
| − | + | ===Taxonomy=== | |
| − | ==Taxonomy== | + | |
{{Taxobox | {{Taxobox | ||
| − | | name = | + | | name = |
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae | | regnum = [[Plant]]ae | ||
| − | | subregnum = | + | | subregnum = Viridiplantae |
| − | | phylum = | + | | phylum = Tracheophyta |
| − | | subphylum= | + | | subphylum= Spermatophytina |
| classis = Liliopsida | | classis = Liliopsida | ||
| subclassis = Lilidae | | subclassis = Lilidae | ||
| ordo = Liales | | ordo = Liales | ||
| familia = Melanthiaceae | | familia = Melanthiaceae | ||
| − | | genus = '''' | + | | genus = ''Toxicoscordion'' Rydb. |
| − | | species = '''''Toxicoscordion venenosum | + | | species = '''''Toxicoscordion venenosum''''' (S. Watson) Rydb. |
| binomial = | | binomial = | ||
| binomial_authority = | | binomial_authority = | ||
| − | | synonyms = ''Zigadenus venenosus'' | + | | synonyms = *''Zigadenus venenosus'' |
}} | }} | ||
| + | <ref>Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved from https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=522732#null</ref> | ||
| − | ==Description== | + | ===Description=== |
| − | + | Native, perennial herb growing from a layered bulb with a raceme of white and cream flowers, 20 to 50 cm tall.<ref>Bowcutt, F., & | |
| − | + | Hamman, S. (2016). ''Vascular Plants of the South Sound Prairies''. Olympia: | |
| − | + | The Evergreen State College Press. p. 120.</ref> Stems simple,<ref name=":1">WTU Herbarium, Burke Museum, | |
| − | + | & University of Washington. Retrieved from <nowiki>https://biology.burke.washington.edu/herbarium/imagecollection/taxon.php?Taxon=Toxicoscordion%20venenosum%20var.%20venenosum</nowiki></ref> glabrous.<ref>Jepson Herbarium Online Flora. Retrieved from https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/eflora_display.php?tid=108033</ref> Leaves basally concentrated, linear, keeled, to 30 cm long; reduced cauline leaves above.<ref name=":1" /> Flowers perfect, perianth subrotate, tepals 6, often short-clawed; stamens 6, longer or equal to the tepals; pistil with 3 styles, ovary superior, 3-locular,<ref name=":0" /> becoming a capsule, 8-15 mm long.<ref name=":1" /> | |
| − | ==Bloom Period== | + | ===Bloom Period=== |
| − | April-July | + | April-July<ref name=":1" /> |
| − | ==Distribution== | + | ===Distribution=== |
| − | British Columbia to Baja California, east to the Dakotas; var. venenosum more common west of the Cascades in Washington, var. graminaeum common in Eastern WA.<ref name=":0">Hitchcock, C. | + | British Columbia to Baja California, east to the Dakotas; var. venenosum more common west of the Cascades in Washington, var. graminaeum common in Eastern WA.<ref name=":0">Hitchcock, C. L., Cronquist, A., Giblin, D., |
| − | + | & Legler, B. et al. (2018). ''Flora of the Pacific Northwest: an'' | |
| − | + | illustrated manual''. Seattle: University of Washington Press''</ref> | |
| − | ==Habitat== | + | ===Habitat=== |
| − | Coastal bluffs and prairies, grassy hillsides, and | + | Coastal bluffs and prairies, grassy hillsides, and moist areas of shrub-steppe and open pine woodlands<ref name=":0" /> |
| − | ==Uses == | + | ===Uses === |
==== Medicinal Uses ==== | ==== Medicinal Uses ==== | ||
| Line 43: | Line 48: | ||
<nowiki>http://naeb.brit.org/</nowiki></ref> | <nowiki>http://naeb.brit.org/</nowiki></ref> | ||
| − | = | + | ===Photo Gallery=== |
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | ==Photo Gallery== | + | |
<gallery> | <gallery> | ||
| − | File:ZIVE BenLegler sdh good.jpg | + | File:ZIVE BenLegler sdh good.jpg | In fruit. Photo Ben Legler |
| − | File: | + | File:TOXSCO1.jpg| Photo Ben Legler |
| − | File:Toxicoscordionseedling.jpg | + | File:Toxicoscordionseedling.jpg | Seedling, courtesy of CNLM |
</gallery> | </gallery> | ||
| + | ===References=== | ||
<references /> | <references /> | ||
Latest revision as of 13:45, 30 June 2021
- Scientific Name: Toxicoscordion venenosum var. venenosum
- Family: Melanthiaceae
- Common Names: death camas, meadow death camas, common death camas, deadly zigadenus.
- Synonyms and Misapplications: Zigadenus venenosus
- Codon: TOXVEN
Contents
Taxonomy
| Scientific classification | |
|---|---|
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Subkingdom: | Viridiplantae |
| Phylum: | Tracheophyta |
| Subphylum: | Spermatophytina |
| Class: | Liliopsida |
| Subclass: | Lilidae |
| Order: | Liales |
| Family: | Melanthiaceae |
| Genus: | Toxicoscordion Rydb. |
| Species: | Toxicoscordion venenosum (S. Watson) Rydb. |
| Synonyms | |
| |
Description
Native, perennial herb growing from a layered bulb with a raceme of white and cream flowers, 20 to 50 cm tall.[2] Stems simple,[3] glabrous.[4] Leaves basally concentrated, linear, keeled, to 30 cm long; reduced cauline leaves above.[3] Flowers perfect, perianth subrotate, tepals 6, often short-clawed; stamens 6, longer or equal to the tepals; pistil with 3 styles, ovary superior, 3-locular,[5] becoming a capsule, 8-15 mm long.[3]
Bloom Period
April-July[3]
Distribution
British Columbia to Baja California, east to the Dakotas; var. venenosum more common west of the Cascades in Washington, var. graminaeum common in Eastern WA.[5]
Habitat
Coastal bluffs and prairies, grassy hillsides, and moist areas of shrub-steppe and open pine woodlands[5]
Uses
Medicinal Uses
Traditionally used as a violent emetic, sometimes mixed with blue flag; poultice of mashed roots applied to rheumatism, boils, bruises, sprains, sore legs, burns, swellings, rattlesnake bites, and broken bones to speed healing; mashed roots sometimes used as an arrow poison.[6]
Photo Gallery
In fruit. Photo Ben Legler
Photo Ben Legler
Seedling, courtesy of CNLM
References
- ↑ Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved from https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=522732#null
- ↑ Bowcutt, F., & Hamman, S. (2016). Vascular Plants of the South Sound Prairies. Olympia: The Evergreen State College Press. p. 120.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 WTU Herbarium, Burke Museum, & University of Washington. Retrieved from https://biology.burke.washington.edu/herbarium/imagecollection/taxon.php?Taxon=Toxicoscordion%20venenosum%20var.%20venenosum
- ↑ Jepson Herbarium Online Flora. Retrieved from https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/eflora_display.php?tid=108033
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Hitchcock, C. L., Cronquist, A., Giblin, D., & Legler, B. et al. (2018). Flora of the Pacific Northwest: an illustrated manual. Seattle: University of Washington Press
- ↑ Native American Ethnobotany Database. Retrieved from http://naeb.brit.org/
