Difference between revisions of "Triteleia grandiflora"
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| − | + | * Scientific Name: ''Triteleia grandiflora var. howelli'' | |
| − | + | * Family: Liliaceae | |
| − | + | * Common Names: large-flowered triteleia, Howell's triteleia, blue umber lily. | |
| − | + | * Synonyms and misapplications: ''Brodiaea howellii'' | |
| − | + | * Codon:TRIGRA | |
| − | Codon:TRIGRA | + | ---- |
| − | + | [[File:TRGR BenLegler flw good.jpg|thumb|Photo by Ben Legler, also featured on Main Page]] | |
| − | ==Taxonomy== | + | ===Taxonomy=== |
{{Taxobox | {{Taxobox | ||
| − | | name = | + | | name = |
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae | | regnum = [[Plant]]ae | ||
| − | | subregnum = | + | | subregnum = Viridiplantae |
| − | | phylum = | + | | phylum = Tracheophyta |
| − | | subphylum= | + | | subphylum= Spermatophytina |
| classis = Magnoliopsida | | classis = Magnoliopsida | ||
| subclassis = Lilianae | | subclassis = Lilianae | ||
| ordo = Asparagales | | ordo = Asparagales | ||
| familia = Asparagaceae | | familia = Asparagaceae | ||
| − | | genus = '''' | + | | genus = ''Triteleia '' Douglas ex Lindl. |
| − | | species = '''''Triteleia grandiflora''''' | + | | species = '''''Triteleia grandiflora''''' Lindl. |
| − | | subspecies = | + | | subspecies = |
}} | }} | ||
| − | ==Description== | + | <ref>Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved from https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=43097#null</ref> |
| − | + | ||
| − | Leaves | + | ===Description=== |
| − | + | Scapose<ref name=":0">WTU | |
| − | + | Herbarium, Burke Museum, & University of Washington. Retrieved from https://biology.burke.washington.edu/herbarium/imagecollection/taxon.php?Taxon=Triteleia%20grandiflora</ref> perennial herb growing from a deep, scaly corm with umbels of blue to white flowers, up to 70 tall;<ref name=":1">E-Flora | |
| − | ==Bloom Period== | + | BC: Electronic Atlas of the Flora of British Columbia. Retrieved from https://linnet.geog.ubc.ca/Atlas/Atlas.aspx?sciname=Triteleia%20grandiflora</ref> Leaves basal, linear, 1 to 3, to 50 cm long, sheathing at base.<ref name=":1" /> Inflorescence an open, bractate umbel; flowers actinomorphic; tepals 6, connate and narrowly camanulate, appearing as in two whorls;<ref name=":2" /> stamens 6, epipetalous,<ref name=":2" /> inserted alternatively at 2 levels;<ref name=":0" /> pistil with 1 style, weakly 3-lobed stigma, superior ovary<ref name=":2" /> becoming an ovate capsule with rounded black seeds.<ref name=":1" /> |
| − | + | ===Bloom Period=== | |
| + | April - June<ref name=":0" /> | ||
| − | ==Distribution== | + | ===Distribution=== |
| − | Two varieties of T. ''grandiflora''. The more western of the two, T. ''grandiflora'' var. ''howelii''. Grows mostly west Cascades, Victoria Island through Puget Trough and into the Willamette Valley, to Northern California, up Cascade Ridge Crest.<ref>Hitchcock, C., Cronquist, | + | Two varieties of T. ''grandiflora''. The more western of the two, T. ''grandiflora'' var. ''howelii''. Grows mostly west Cascades, Victoria Island through Puget Trough and into the Willamette Valley, to Northern California, up Cascade Ridge Crest.<ref name=":2">Hitchcock, C. L., Cronquist, A., Giblin, D., |
| − | Giblin, | + | & Legler, B. et al. (2018). ''Flora of the Pacific Northwest: an'' |
| − | + | illustrated manual''. Seattle: University of Washington Press''</ref> | |
| − | illustrated manual'' | + | |
| − | + | ||
| − | ==Habitat | + | ===Habitat=== |
| − | + | Seasonally dry prairies, grasslands and forest openings, low to mid-elevation.<ref name=":0" /> | |
| − | + | ||
| − | = | + | |
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | ==Uses== | + | ===Uses=== |
| − | ===Wildlife=== | + | ====Wildlife==== |
Low palatability for browsing or grazing animals | Low palatability for browsing or grazing animals | ||
| − | ===First Nations=== | + | ====First Nations==== |
Corms eaten steamed or roasted; corms put in medicine bag to make more potent; used medicinally. Young seedpods - cooked as a potherb. An excellent green.<ref>Native American Ethnobotany Database. (n.d.). Retrieved from | Corms eaten steamed or roasted; corms put in medicine bag to make more potent; used medicinally. Young seedpods - cooked as a potherb. An excellent green.<ref>Native American Ethnobotany Database. (n.d.). Retrieved from | ||
<nowiki>http://naeb.brit.org/uses/search/?string=triteleia</nowiki></ref> | <nowiki>http://naeb.brit.org/uses/search/?string=triteleia</nowiki></ref> | ||
| − | ==Propagation== | + | ===Propagation=== |
| − | ===Crop Intervals=== | + | ====Crop Intervals==== |
| − | + | Perennial | |
| − | ===Seed Propagation=== | + | ====Seed Propagation==== |
| − | ====Fruit and Seed Collection and Extraction==== | + | =====Fruit and Seed Collection and Extraction===== |
Seeds are easily collected when the capsule begins to split, either by shaking the seed into an envelope or collecting whole capsules. Seeds are black when mature. They are stored in envelopes or paper bags at room temperature until cleaned. | Seeds are easily collected when the capsule begins to split, either by shaking the seed into an envelope or collecting whole capsules. Seeds are black when mature. They are stored in envelopes or paper bags at room temperature until cleaned. | ||
Seed shaken from capsules needs no cleaning. Whole capsules can be crushed to release seed. Seed is cleaned with an air column separator. | Seed shaken from capsules needs no cleaning. Whole capsules can be crushed to release seed. Seed is cleaned with an air column separator. | ||
| − | ====Fruit/Seed Dormancy and Treatment==== | + | =====Fruit/Seed Dormancy and Treatment===== |
Cool, moist stratification and cool growing conditions are needed. No seed germinated without pretreatment. 30 days of cool, moist stratification resulted in a few seeds germinating, but they did not survive in the greenhouse. High germination was obtained from seeds sown in flats and left outside under cool, fluctuating spring temperatures. Seedlings which germinated outside died when placed in the greenhouse. | Cool, moist stratification and cool growing conditions are needed. No seed germinated without pretreatment. 30 days of cool, moist stratification resulted in a few seeds germinating, but they did not survive in the greenhouse. High germination was obtained from seeds sown in flats and left outside under cool, fluctuating spring temperatures. Seedlings which germinated outside died when placed in the greenhouse. | ||
| − | ===Vegetative Propagation=== | + | ====Vegetative Propagation==== |
In late November or early December seeds are sown in flats containing a 3:1 mix of Sunshine #4 and sharp sand. They are covered lightly. A thin layer of sand or fine grit is applied to the flats to prevent seed and soil from floating out. Pea gravel is not used because many of the stones are impossible to separate from the corms at harvest. Flats are watered deeply. They are placed outside subject to winter conditions.<br> | In late November or early December seeds are sown in flats containing a 3:1 mix of Sunshine #4 and sharp sand. They are covered lightly. A thin layer of sand or fine grit is applied to the flats to prevent seed and soil from floating out. Pea gravel is not used because many of the stones are impossible to separate from the corms at harvest. Flats are watered deeply. They are placed outside subject to winter conditions.<br> | ||
| Line 73: | Line 67: | ||
Diploid plants produce few cormlets and the corms are generally in the upper three inches of the soil, while polyploid plants are more likely to reproduce vegetatively by cormlets and the corms are more deeply buried <ref name="Barkworth">Barkworth, 1977</ref> | Diploid plants produce few cormlets and the corms are generally in the upper three inches of the soil, while polyploid plants are more likely to reproduce vegetatively by cormlets and the corms are more deeply buried <ref name="Barkworth">Barkworth, 1977</ref> | ||
| − | === Outplanting Characteristics and Requirements === | + | ==== Outplanting Characteristics and Requirements ==== |
Corms are planted about 2 inches deep in October | Corms are planted about 2 inches deep in October | ||
| − | ==Photo Gallery== | + | ===Photo Gallery=== |
| + | <gallery> | ||
| + | File: TRIGRA1.jpg |Courtesy of CNLM | ||
| + | File: TRIGRA2.jpg| Courtsey of CNLM | ||
| + | </gallery> | ||
| − | ==References== | + | ===References=== |
<references /> | <references /> | ||
Latest revision as of 13:01, 30 June 2021
- Scientific Name: Triteleia grandiflora var. howelli
- Family: Liliaceae
- Common Names: large-flowered triteleia, Howell's triteleia, blue umber lily.
- Synonyms and misapplications: Brodiaea howellii
- Codon:TRIGRA
Contents
Taxonomy
| Scientific classification | |
|---|---|
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Subkingdom: | Viridiplantae |
| Phylum: | Tracheophyta |
| Subphylum: | Spermatophytina |
| Class: | Magnoliopsida |
| Subclass: | Lilianae |
| Order: | Asparagales |
| Family: | Asparagaceae |
| Genus: | Triteleia Douglas ex Lindl. |
| Species: | Triteleia grandiflora Lindl. |
Description
Scapose[2] perennial herb growing from a deep, scaly corm with umbels of blue to white flowers, up to 70 tall;[3] Leaves basal, linear, 1 to 3, to 50 cm long, sheathing at base.[3] Inflorescence an open, bractate umbel; flowers actinomorphic; tepals 6, connate and narrowly camanulate, appearing as in two whorls;[4] stamens 6, epipetalous,[4] inserted alternatively at 2 levels;[2] pistil with 1 style, weakly 3-lobed stigma, superior ovary[4] becoming an ovate capsule with rounded black seeds.[3]
Bloom Period
April - June[2]
Distribution
Two varieties of T. grandiflora. The more western of the two, T. grandiflora var. howelii. Grows mostly west Cascades, Victoria Island through Puget Trough and into the Willamette Valley, to Northern California, up Cascade Ridge Crest.[4]
Habitat
Seasonally dry prairies, grasslands and forest openings, low to mid-elevation.[2]
Uses
Wildlife
Low palatability for browsing or grazing animals
First Nations
Corms eaten steamed or roasted; corms put in medicine bag to make more potent; used medicinally. Young seedpods - cooked as a potherb. An excellent green.[5]
Propagation
Crop Intervals
Perennial
Seed Propagation
Fruit and Seed Collection and Extraction
Seeds are easily collected when the capsule begins to split, either by shaking the seed into an envelope or collecting whole capsules. Seeds are black when mature. They are stored in envelopes or paper bags at room temperature until cleaned. Seed shaken from capsules needs no cleaning. Whole capsules can be crushed to release seed. Seed is cleaned with an air column separator.
Fruit/Seed Dormancy and Treatment
Cool, moist stratification and cool growing conditions are needed. No seed germinated without pretreatment. 30 days of cool, moist stratification resulted in a few seeds germinating, but they did not survive in the greenhouse. High germination was obtained from seeds sown in flats and left outside under cool, fluctuating spring temperatures. Seedlings which germinated outside died when placed in the greenhouse.
Vegetative Propagation
In late November or early December seeds are sown in flats containing a 3:1 mix of Sunshine #4 and sharp sand. They are covered lightly. A thin layer of sand or fine grit is applied to the flats to prevent seed and soil from floating out. Pea gravel is not used because many of the stones are impossible to separate from the corms at harvest. Flats are watered deeply. They are placed outside subject to winter conditions.
Germination begins in late March or early April and continues for 3 weeks. Some seed will germinate after a second winter.
1 month
Flats are moved to the lath house in late May. Plants will develop 1 true leaf in the first season and go dormant in mid to late June. They are left in the lath house with no protection, except snow cover, over the winter. Trays should be protected from extreme cold if not covered with snow, however. In subsequent years, they are watered as needed and fertilized twice with a water soluble, complete fertilizer during the active growth phase. After dormancy, flats are watered only enough to keep the soil from drying out completely.
3 years
Hardening not needed, as plants are grown outside.
After 3 years, the plants have developed corms of about 1/4" inch in diameter. In August or September of the third year, the trays are dumped out and corms are separated from the soil using hand screens.
Corms can be dug from existing populations and moved to another site. They can also be held in pots for later replanting. Corms are buried 6-8 inches and can be difficult to locate. Corms should only be removed from sites where habitat is to be destroyed by development.
Diploid plants produce few cormlets and the corms are generally in the upper three inches of the soil, while polyploid plants are more likely to reproduce vegetatively by cormlets and the corms are more deeply buried [6]
Outplanting Characteristics and Requirements
Corms are planted about 2 inches deep in October
Photo Gallery
Courtesy of CNLM
Courtsey of CNLM
References
- ↑ Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved from https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=43097#null
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 WTU Herbarium, Burke Museum, & University of Washington. Retrieved from https://biology.burke.washington.edu/herbarium/imagecollection/taxon.php?Taxon=Triteleia%20grandiflora
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 E-Flora BC: Electronic Atlas of the Flora of British Columbia. Retrieved from https://linnet.geog.ubc.ca/Atlas/Atlas.aspx?sciname=Triteleia%20grandiflora
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Hitchcock, C. L., Cronquist, A., Giblin, D., & Legler, B. et al. (2018). Flora of the Pacific Northwest: an illustrated manual. Seattle: University of Washington Press
- ↑ Native American Ethnobotany Database. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://naeb.brit.org/uses/search/?string=triteleia
- ↑ Barkworth, 1977
