Difference between revisions of "Trifolium willdenovii"

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* [[File:TRWI flw.jpg|thumb|Photo Ben Legler 2004]]Scientific Name: ''Trifolium'' ''willdenovii''
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*Scientific Name: ''Trifolium'' ''willdenovii''
 
* Family: Fabaceae.   
 
* Family: Fabaceae.   
 
* Common Names: tomcat clover, sand clover.   
 
* Common Names: tomcat clover, sand clover.   
 
* Synonyms and misapplications: ''Trifolium'' ''tridentatum''     
 
* Synonyms and misapplications: ''Trifolium'' ''tridentatum''     
 
* Codon: TRIWIL
 
* Codon: TRIWIL
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----
 +
[[File:TRWI flw.jpg|thumb|Photo Ben Legler 2004, also featured on Main Page]]
  
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== Taxonomy ==
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=== Taxonomy ===
 
{{Taxobox
 
{{Taxobox
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| name = Trifolium willdenovii
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| name =
 
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
 
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
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| subregnum = Tracheobionta
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| subregnum = Viridiplantae
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| phylum = Spermatophyta
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| phylum = Tracheophyta
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| subphylum= Magnoliophyta
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| subphylum= Spermatophytina
 
| classis = Magnoliopsida
 
| classis = Magnoliopsida
 
| subclassis = Lilianeae
 
| subclassis = Lilianeae
 
| ordo = Fabales
 
| ordo = Fabales
 
| familia = Fabaceae
 
| familia = Fabaceae
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| genus = '''''Trifolium L.'''''
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| genus = ''Trifolium'' L.
 
| species = '''''Trifolium willdenovii''''' V.G. Soukup
 
| species = '''''Trifolium willdenovii''''' V.G. Soukup
 
| subspecies =
 
| subspecies =
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}}
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| synonyms = *''Trifolium willdenowii'' Spreng.
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*''Trifolium tridentatum'' Lindl.
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*''Trifolium tridentatum ''var. ''aciculare'' (Nutt.) McDermott
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}}<ref>Interagency Taxonomic Information System.
 +
Retrieved from https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=26315#null</ref>
  
 +
===Description===
 +
Glabrous annual herb, growing from a taproot with terminal heads of purplish flowers, up to 70 cm tall.<ref name=":0">WTU
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Herbarium, Burke Museum, & University of Washington. Retrieved from https://biology.burke.washington.edu/herbarium/imagecollection/taxon.php?Taxon=Trifolium%20willdenovii</ref> Stems spreading to erect, 1 to several.<ref name="University of Idaho">E-Flora
 +
BC: Electronic Atlas of the Flora of British Columbia. Retrieved from http://linnet.geog.ubc.ca/Atlas/Atlas.aspx?sciname=Trifolium+willdenovii</ref> Leaves alternate,<ref name="University of Idaho" /> trifoliate, petiolate with narrow leaflets to 4 cm long, serrulate; stipules large, ovate, lacerate.<ref name=":0" /> Inflorescences head-like, involucre greater than 3 mm,<ref name=":1">Hitchcock, C. L., Cronquist, A., Giblin, D.,
 +
& Legler, B. et al. (2018). ''Flora of the Pacific Northwest: an''
 +
illustrated manual''. Seattle: University of Washington Press. pp. 177-179.''</ref> 1-3 cm wide with 6-60 flowers.<ref name="University of Idaho" /> Flowers papilionaceous; calyx shiny,<ref name=":2">Jepson Herbarium Online Flora. Retrieved from https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/eflora_display.php?tid=47186</ref> 5-lobes equal in length to tube;<ref name=":0" /> corolla 5-merous with banner, wings and connate keel, purple, 8-15 mm;<ref name=":2" /> stamens 10, diadelphous; pistil simple, superior ovary becoming a 1 to 2-seeded capsule.<ref name=":1" />
  
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==Description==
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===Bloom Period===
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Annual herb from a taproot; stems 1 to several, spreading to erect, glabrous, 10-70 cm long/tall.  Alternate, palmately compound; leaflets 3, linear to lance-oblong or elliptic, 1-4 cm long, the margins usually finely bristle-toothed; stipules egg-shaped, bristle-tipped, the upper jaggedly toothed, 1/3-1/2 as long as the leaflets.  Inflorescence a head-like, stalked, axillary cluster of 6 to 60 pea-like flowers, the heads 1-3 cm wide, set in wheel-like, irregularly and jaggedly toothed involucres; corollas lavender to purple, 10-13 mm long; calyces 6-10 mm long, shiny and often purplish, the tube 15- to 25-veined, the lanceolate teeth slightly shorter than the tube, bristle-tipped, entire or with 2 teeth flanking the base of the bristle.  Fruit are pods; seeds 1 to 2. <ref name="University of Idaho">[http://www.nativeplantnetwork.org]</ref>
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April-July<ref name=":0" />
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==Bloom Period==
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−
April-June
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==Distribution==
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===Distribution===
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West side of the Cascades and east along the Columbia River in Washington; British Columbia south to California. <ref name="Burke">[http://biology.burke.washington.edu/herbarium/imagecollection.php]</ref>
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British Columbia south to California; in Washington, west side of the Cascades and east along the Columbia River.<ref name=":0" />
  
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==Habitat==
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===Habitat===
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Grassy hillsides, balds, prairies and meadows at low to moderate elevations.
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Low to moderate elevation grassy hillsides, balds, prairies and meadows.<ref name=":0" />
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<ref name="Burke">[http://biology.burke.washington.edu/herbarium/imagecollection.php]</ref>
+
  
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==Uses==
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===Uses===
 
Seeds used for food; Young, tender plants eaten uncooked as greens; Raw or steamed buds eaten before plant bloomed; Steamed, dried leaves soaked in water or boiled before eating in winter. <ref name="Burke">[http://biology.burke.washington.edu/herbarium/imagecollection.php]</ref>
 
Seeds used for food; Young, tender plants eaten uncooked as greens; Raw or steamed buds eaten before plant bloomed; Steamed, dried leaves soaked in water or boiled before eating in winter. <ref name="Burke">[http://biology.burke.washington.edu/herbarium/imagecollection.php]</ref>
  
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==Propagation==
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===Propagation===
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Seeds are germinated during late winter and early spring months in a shadehouse were they remain for several weeks. Seeds are directly sown into flats filled with a 1 inch layer of special seed germination mix of 1:1 (v:v) Sunshine Professional Growing Mix and sand on top of 4:1:1 (v:v:v) peat, perlite, and organic compost.  
+
Seeds are germinated during late winter and early spring months in a shadehouse were they remain for several weeks. Seeds are directly sown into flats filled with a 1 inch layer of special seed germination mix of 1:1 (v:v) Sunshine Professional Growing Mix and sand on top of 4:1:1 (v:v:v) peat, perlite, and organic compost.<ref>Herrera, Mike; Takara, Janet. 2006. Propagation protocol for production of container Trifolium willdenovi Spreng. ' ' plants (Deepot 40 (40 cubic inch)); Catalina Island Conservancy, Avalon, California. In: Native Plant Network. URL: [http://www.nativeplantnetwork.org/ http://www.nativeplantnetwork.org] (accessed 25 September 2006). Moscow (ID): University of Idaho,</ref>
  
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==Seed==
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===Seed===
 
[[File:TRWI LisaHintz sd 2012.jpg|300px|thumb|right|''Trifolium willdenovii'' seed]]
 
[[File:TRWI LisaHintz sd 2012.jpg|300px|thumb|right|''Trifolium willdenovii'' seed]]
  
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{{Basics}}
 
{{Basics}}
  
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==Photo Gallery==
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===Photo Gallery===
 
<gallery>
 
<gallery>
 
File:TRIWIL1.jpg| Ben Legler 2004
 
File:TRIWIL1.jpg| Ben Legler 2004
Line 71: Line 80:
 
</gallery>
 
</gallery>
  
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==References==
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===References===
 
Herrera, Mike; Takara, Janet. 2006. Propagation protocol for production of container Trifolium willdenovi Spreng. ' ' plants (Deepot 40 (40 cubic inch)); Catalina Island Conservancy, Avalon, California. In: Native Plant Network. URL: http://www.nativeplantnetwork.org (accessed 25 September 2006). Moscow (ID): University of Idaho, College of Natural Resources, Forest Research Nursery.  
 
Herrera, Mike; Takara, Janet. 2006. Propagation protocol for production of container Trifolium willdenovi Spreng. ' ' plants (Deepot 40 (40 cubic inch)); Catalina Island Conservancy, Avalon, California. In: Native Plant Network. URL: http://www.nativeplantnetwork.org (accessed 25 September 2006). Moscow (ID): University of Idaho, College of Natural Resources, Forest Research Nursery.  
 
http://biology.burke.washington.edu/herbarium/imagecollection.php
 
http://biology.burke.washington.edu/herbarium/imagecollection.php
 
<references />
 
<references />

Latest revision as of 10:43, 30 June 2021

  • Scientific Name: Trifolium willdenovii
  • Family: Fabaceae.
  • Common Names: tomcat clover, sand clover.
  • Synonyms and misapplications: Trifolium tridentatum
  • Codon: TRIWIL
Photo Ben Legler 2004, also featured on Main Page

Taxonomy

Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Subkingdom: Viridiplantae
Phylum: Tracheophyta
Subphylum: Spermatophytina
Class: Magnoliopsida
Subclass: Lilianeae
Order: Fabales
Family: Fabaceae
Genus: Trifolium L.
Species: Trifolium willdenovii V.G. Soukup
Synonyms
  • Trifolium willdenowii Spreng.
  • Trifolium tridentatum Lindl.
  • Trifolium tridentatum var. aciculare (Nutt.) McDermott
[1]

Description

Glabrous annual herb, growing from a taproot with terminal heads of purplish flowers, up to 70 cm tall.[2] Stems spreading to erect, 1 to several.[3] Leaves alternate,[3] trifoliate, petiolate with narrow leaflets to 4 cm long, serrulate; stipules large, ovate, lacerate.[2] Inflorescences head-like, involucre greater than 3 mm,[4] 1-3 cm wide with 6-60 flowers.[3] Flowers papilionaceous; calyx shiny,[5] 5-lobes equal in length to tube;[2] corolla 5-merous with banner, wings and connate keel, purple, 8-15 mm;[5] stamens 10, diadelphous; pistil simple, superior ovary becoming a 1 to 2-seeded capsule.[4]

Bloom Period

April-July[2]

Distribution

British Columbia south to California; in Washington, west side of the Cascades and east along the Columbia River.[2]

Habitat

Low to moderate elevation grassy hillsides, balds, prairies and meadows.[2]

Uses

Seeds used for food; Young, tender plants eaten uncooked as greens; Raw or steamed buds eaten before plant bloomed; Steamed, dried leaves soaked in water or boiled before eating in winter. [6]

Propagation

Seeds are germinated during late winter and early spring months in a shadehouse were they remain for several weeks. Seeds are directly sown into flats filled with a 1 inch layer of special seed germination mix of 1:1 (v:v) Sunshine Professional Growing Mix and sand on top of 4:1:1 (v:v:v) peat, perlite, and organic compost.[7]

Seed

Trifolium willdenovii seed


Seed sample from: 2011

Average Measurement: 1.6 x 1.1 x 1.1

Measurement Range: L: 1.5 - 2, W: 1 - 1.3, D: 1 - 1.1

Features

Shape: Flattened egg shape. Hilum is small circular divot seated between a protruding lobe.

Color: Seed background gray/brown, sometimes speckled with dark brown.

Surface: Smooth and glossy.

Latitudinal Cross Section: elliptical Lat TRWI.png

Longitudinal Cross Section: elliptical Long TRWI.png

Basic Explanations and Assumptions:

The dimensions for the seeds are length x width x depth. The location of the hilum is used as the base of the seed, and the length is measured from hilum to the opposite apex. Where a style is present, the length is measured from the hilum to the bottom of the style. Width is measured at a right angle to the length at the widest part. Depth is measured at a right angle to the intersection of height and width lines.

Measurements included are the mean average for each measurement of ten separate seeds.

All measurements in millimeters unless otherwise noted.

Photo Gallery

  • Ben Legler 2004

  • T. willdenovi seedling. Photo Becca Reilly, courtesy CNLM

  • T. willdenovi seed. Photo Lisa Hintz

References

Herrera, Mike; Takara, Janet. 2006. Propagation protocol for production of container Trifolium willdenovi Spreng. ' ' plants (Deepot 40 (40 cubic inch)); Catalina Island Conservancy, Avalon, California. In: Native Plant Network. URL: http://www.nativeplantnetwork.org (accessed 25 September 2006). Moscow (ID): University of Idaho, College of Natural Resources, Forest Research Nursery. http://biology.burke.washington.edu/herbarium/imagecollection.php

  1. ↑ Interagency Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved from https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=26315#null
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 WTU Herbarium, Burke Museum, & University of Washington. Retrieved from https://biology.burke.washington.edu/herbarium/imagecollection/taxon.php?Taxon=Trifolium%20willdenovii
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 E-Flora BC: Electronic Atlas of the Flora of British Columbia. Retrieved from http://linnet.geog.ubc.ca/Atlas/Atlas.aspx?sciname=Trifolium+willdenovii
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Hitchcock, C. L., Cronquist, A., Giblin, D., & Legler, B. et al. (2018). Flora of the Pacific Northwest: an illustrated manual. Seattle: University of Washington Press. pp. 177-179.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Jepson Herbarium Online Flora. Retrieved from https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/eflora_display.php?tid=47186
  6. ↑ [1]
  7. ↑ Herrera, Mike; Takara, Janet. 2006. Propagation protocol for production of container Trifolium willdenovi Spreng. ' ' plants (Deepot 40 (40 cubic inch)); Catalina Island Conservancy, Avalon, California. In: Native Plant Network. URL: http://www.nativeplantnetwork.org (accessed 25 September 2006). Moscow (ID): University of Idaho,
Retrieved from "http://wikis.evergreen.edu/pugetprairieplants/index.php?title=Trifolium_willdenovii&oldid=5216"

The Evergreen State College