Difference between revisions of "Marah oregana"

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* Latin Name: ''Marah'' ''oregana''
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* Scientific Name: ''Marah'' ''oregana''
 
* Family: Cucurbitaceae
 
* Family: Cucurbitaceae
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* Common Names: coastal manroot
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* Common Names: coastal manroot, wild cucumber
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* Synonyms/Misapplications: ''Echinocystis oregana,  Marah oreganus, Sicyos oregana, Megarrhiza oregana, Micrampelis<br> oregana''
 
* Codon: MARORE
 
* Codon: MARORE
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----
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== Taxonomy ==
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[[File:MARORE1.jpg |thumb|Photo by Rod Gilbert, also featured on Main Page]]
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=== Taxonomy ===
 
{{Taxobox
 
{{Taxobox
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| image = MARORE1.jpg
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| image =  
 
| image_caption = Photo by Rod Gilbert, also featured on Main Page
 
| image_caption = Photo by Rod Gilbert, also featured on Main Page
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| name = '''''Marah oreganus'''''
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| name =  
 
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
 
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
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| subregnum = Tracheobionta
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| subregnum = Viridiplantae
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| phylum = Spermatophyta
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| phylum = Tracheophyta
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| subphylum= Magnoliophyta
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| subphylum= Spermatophytina
 
| classis = Magnoliopsida
 
| classis = Magnoliopsida
 
| subclassis = Rosanae
 
| subclassis = Rosanae
 
| ordo = Cucurbitales
 
| ordo = Cucurbitales
 
| familia = Cucurbitaceae
 
| familia = Cucurbitaceae
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| genus = '''''Mara''''' Kellogg
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| genus = ''Marah'' Kellogg
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| species = ''''' Marah oregana''''' (Torr. ex A. Gray) Howell
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| species = '''''Marah oregana''''' (Torr. & A. Gray) Howell
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| synonyms = *''Marah oreganus'' (Torr. & A. Gray) Howell
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*''Echinocystis oregana'' (Torr. & A. Gray) Cogn.
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*''Sicyos oreganus'' Torr. & A. Gray
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*''Megarrhiza oregana'' (Torr. & A. Gray) S. Watson
 
}}
 
}}
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<ref>Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved from https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=847533</ref>
  
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==Description==
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===Description===
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==Bloom Period==
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Native perennial, trailing or climbing with tendrils.
  
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==Distribution==
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Leaves are alternate, palmately lobed, rough and hairy, and cordate at the base.
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Majority of California. Streamsides, washes, shrubby and open areas below 1,600 meters (Hickman 1993).
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==Habitat==
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==Uses ==
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Flowers are unisexual, corolla campanulate and white, monoecious.
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==Propogation==
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Clean seed may be rapidly collected from ripening fruits of after falling to the ground from early to late spring.  
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Large seeds, weighing 0.5-0.8 grams each, may rapidly be collected from ripening fruits from early-late spring.  
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The bladder-like fruits are sparsely to densely covered with flexible prickles that harden with age, dehiscent at apex when dry. <ref>Bowcutt, F., & Hamman, Sarah. (2016). ''Vascular plants''
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Pre-Planting Treatments: None, though clean dry seed was placed in dry, cold storage following collection and prior to sowing.  
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of the South Sound prairies'' (First ed.). Olympia, Washington: The Evergreen''
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State College Press.</ref>
  
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'''Germination Rate'''  
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Name comes from Hebrew ''marah'', bitter, from the intensely bitter root.<ref name=":0">Hitchcock, C. L., Cronquist, A., Giblin, D., & Legler,
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92% and 85%.  
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B. et al. (2018). ''Flora of the Pacific Northwest: an illustrated manual''.
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Seattle: University of Washington Press.</ref>
  
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'''Establishment Phase'''
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===Bloom Period===
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High germination rates (85-92%) were observed within 3-weeks of planting. Robust seedlings with deep, thick taproots were established by most individuals by the first spring.  
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April-June<ref>WTU Herbarium, Burke Museum,
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& University of Washington. Retrieved from <nowiki>https://biology.burke.washington.edu/herbarium/imagecollection/taxon.php?Taxon=Marah%20oregana</nowiki></ref>
  
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'''Length of Establishment Phase'''
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===Distribution===
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Sprouts were established within approximately 4 weeks.
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Southwestern BC southwards, west of Cascade-Sierran acis, to northern California, eastwards in Columbia River Gorge, northeast Oregon, and rarely Hells Canyon. <ref name=":0" />
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'''Active Growth Phase'''
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Active growth was observed within 2 weeks after seeding in fall. Plants produced a vigorous clambering vine which died back rapidly and completely by the end of the first spring.
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'''Length of Active Growth Phase'''
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Approximately 7 months, from fall through spring, plants senescing by the beginning of summer.
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'''Hardening Phase'''
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Hardening is not necessary as the active growth phase starts with the onset of fall rains and plants senesce around the end of spring or beginning of summer.
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'''Harvesting, Storage and Shipping'''
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Individuals go dormant following spring-summer dry down and die back to the root. Dormant individuals were placed in dry storage at 60-70 degrees Farenheit.
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'''Length of Storage'''
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2-4 months
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'''Other'''
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Look for the mostly 5-lobed white flowers and inflated gourd-like fruits. Compare with grapes (family Vitaceae) which have woody stems and more mumerous minute unshowy flowers. Look for the mostly 5-lobed white flowers and inflated gourd-like fruits. Compare with grapes (family Vitaceae) which have woody stems and more mumerous minute unshowy flowers.
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Flowering: Mid January - May (Oswald and Ahart 2002).
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Seed collection: March - June/July (seed may be collected on the ground within leaf litter below dried fruits duirng the latter part of the collecting period).
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This species has a very high germination rate and rapidly establishes a large, deep taproot with vigorous above ground growth.
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===Habitat===
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Bottomlands and open slopes at low elevations.<ref name=":0" />
  
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===Uses ===
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Squaxin use of an infusion of smashed stalks as a soak for sore hands, plant considered poisonous.<ref>Native American Ethnobotany Database. Retrieved from <nowiki>http://naeb.brit.org/uses/search/?string=marah+oreganus</nowiki></ref>
  
 
===Seed===
 
===Seed===
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'''Longitudinal Cross Section:''' elliptical  [[File:MAOR long.png]]
 
'''Longitudinal Cross Section:''' elliptical  [[File:MAOR long.png]]
  
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==References==
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===Photo Gallery===
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==Photo Gallery==
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<gallery>
 
<gallery>
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File:MAOR BenLegler sdh good.jpg
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File:MAOR BenLegler sdh good.jpg|Fruit, photo by Ben Legler
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File:MAOR BenLegler flw avg.jpg
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File:MAOR BenLegler flw avg.jpg| Flower, photo by Ben Legler
 
</gallery>
 
</gallery>
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=== References ===
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<references />

Latest revision as of 22:01, 20 March 2021

  • Scientific Name: Marah oregana
  • Family: Cucurbitaceae
  • Common Names: coastal manroot, wild cucumber
  • Synonyms/Misapplications: Echinocystis oregana, Marah oreganus, Sicyos oregana, Megarrhiza oregana, Micrampelis
    oregana
  • Codon: MARORE
Photo by Rod Gilbert, also featured on Main Page

Taxonomy

Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Subkingdom: Viridiplantae
Phylum: Tracheophyta
Subphylum: Spermatophytina
Class: Magnoliopsida
Subclass: Rosanae
Order: Cucurbitales
Family: Cucurbitaceae
Genus: Marah Kellogg
Species: Marah oregana (Torr. & A. Gray) Howell
Synonyms
  • Marah oreganus (Torr. & A. Gray) Howell
  • Echinocystis oregana (Torr. & A. Gray) Cogn.
  • Sicyos oreganus Torr. & A. Gray
  • Megarrhiza oregana (Torr. & A. Gray) S. Watson

[1]

Description

Native perennial, trailing or climbing with tendrils.

Leaves are alternate, palmately lobed, rough and hairy, and cordate at the base.

Flowers are unisexual, corolla campanulate and white, monoecious.

The bladder-like fruits are sparsely to densely covered with flexible prickles that harden with age, dehiscent at apex when dry. [2]

Name comes from Hebrew marah, bitter, from the intensely bitter root.[3]

Bloom Period

April-June[4]

Distribution

Southwestern BC southwards, west of Cascade-Sierran acis, to northern California, eastwards in Columbia River Gorge, northeast Oregon, and rarely Hells Canyon. [3]

Habitat

Bottomlands and open slopes at low elevations.[3]

Uses

Squaxin use of an infusion of smashed stalks as a soak for sore hands, plant considered poisonous.[5]

Seed

Seed sample from: 2011

Average Measurement: 16.8 x 17 x 8.5

Measurement Range: L: 15 – 18, W: 16 – 18, D: 8 – 9

Features

Shape: Seeds very large, rounded with a pinched looking hilum.

Color: Dark brown, with a lighter brown hilum. Under high magnification seed appears speckled with black.

Surface: Seed covered in very fine velvety hairs. Under high magnification seed appears slightly glossy, but with naked eye, seed is matte.


Latitudinal Cross Section: elliptical MAOR lat.png

Longitudinal Cross Section: elliptical MAOR long.png

Photo Gallery

  • Fruit, photo by Ben Legler

  • Flower, photo by Ben Legler

References

  1. ↑ Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved from https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=847533
  2. ↑ Bowcutt, F., & Hamman, Sarah. (2016). Vascular plants of the South Sound prairies (First ed.). Olympia, Washington: The Evergreen State College Press.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Hitchcock, C. L., Cronquist, A., Giblin, D., & Legler, B. et al. (2018). Flora of the Pacific Northwest: an illustrated manual. Seattle: University of Washington Press.
  4. ↑ WTU Herbarium, Burke Museum, & University of Washington. Retrieved from https://biology.burke.washington.edu/herbarium/imagecollection/taxon.php?Taxon=Marah%20oregana
  5. ↑ Native American Ethnobotany Database. Retrieved from http://naeb.brit.org/uses/search/?string=marah+oreganus
Retrieved from "http://wikis.evergreen.edu/pugetprairieplants/index.php?title=Marah_oregana&oldid=5053"

The Evergreen State College