Difference between revisions of "Lomatium nudicaule"

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* Latin Name: ''Lomatium'' ''nudicaule''
 
* Latin Name: ''Lomatium'' ''nudicaule''
 
* Family: Apiaceae
 
* Family: Apiaceae
−
* Common Names: bare-stemmed biscuit-root
+
* Common Names: bare-stemmed biscuit-root, pestle parsnip
 
* Synonyms/Misapplications: ''Cogswellia'' ''nudicaulis, Lomatium'' ''platyphyllum''
 
* Synonyms/Misapplications: ''Cogswellia'' ''nudicaulis, Lomatium'' ''platyphyllum''
 
* Codon: LOMNUD
 
* Codon: LOMNUD
−
[[File:LONU SpencerAlexander sdl 2012 (15).JPG |thumb|300px|right|]]
 
−
 
−
[[File:LONU_GDCarr_flw_good.jpg|thumb|300px|right|]]
 
 
===Taxonomy===
 
===Taxonomy===
−
*Kingdom Plantae – Plants
+
{{Taxobox
−
*Subkingdom Tracheobionta – Vascular plants
+
| image = LONU SpencerAlexander sdl 2012 (15).JPG
−
*Superdivision Spermatophyta – Seed plants
+
| image_caption = Photo by Ben Legler, 2004, also featured on Main Page
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*Division Magnoliophyta – Flowering plants
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| name = '''''Lomatium nudicaule'''''
−
*Class Magnoliopsida – Dicotyledons
+
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
−
*Subclass - Rosidae
+
| subregnum = Tracheobionta
−
*Order - Apiales
+
| phylum = Spermatophyta
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*Family - Apiaceae – Carrot family
+
| subphylum= Magnoliophyta
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*Genus - Lomatium Raf. – desert parsley
+
| classis = Magnoliopsida
−
*Species - Lomatium nudicaule (Pursh) J.M. Coult. & Rose – barestem biscuitroot
+
| subclassis = Asteranae
 +
| ordo = Apiales
 +
| familia = Apiaceae
 +
| genus = '''''Lomatium''''' Raf.
 +
| species = ''''' Lomatium nudicaule''''' (Pursh) J.M. Coult. & Rose
 +
| subspecies =
 +
}}
 +
 
 
===Plant Description===
 
===Plant Description===
−
General:  Stout perennial herb from a taproot, glabrous, strongly glaucous; stems solitary to several, 20-90 cm tall. <ref name="Bartow, Amy L. 2003">Propagation protocol for production of container Lomatium nudicaule Pursh plants; Corvallis Plant Materials Center, Corvallis, Oregon. In: Native Plant Network. URL: http://www.nativeplantnetwork.org (accessed 17 October 2006). Moscow (ID): University of Idaho, College of Natural Resources, Forest Research Nursery.</ref>  
+
'''For the ''Lomatium'' genus, mature fruit shape, aspect ratio, and pedicel length are diagnostic.'''<ref name=":0">Hitchcock, C. L., Cronquist, A., Giblin, D., & Legler,
 +
B. et al. (2018). ''Flora of the Pacific Northwest: an illustrated manual''.
 +
Seattle: University of Washington Press.</ref>
  
−
Leaves: Mostly basal, large, compound, 1-3 times divided; ultimate segments 3-30, entire or shallowly toothed, 2-9 cm long, 10-60 (rarely 4) mm wide, veiny, often stalked. <ref name="Bartow, Amy L. 2003">Propagation protocol for production of container Lomatium nudicaule Pursh plants; Corvallis Plant Materials Center, Corvallis, Oregon. In: Native Plant Network. URL: http://www.nativeplantnetwork.org (accessed 17 October 2006). Moscow (ID): University of Idaho, College of Natural Resources, Forest Research Nursery.</ref>
+
Native perennial, 2-9 dm tall, growing from an enlarged taproot.<ref name=":1">Bowcutt, F., & Hamman, Sarah. (2016). ''Vascular plants
 +
of the South Sound prairies'' (First ed.). Olympia, Washington: The Evergreen
 +
State College Press.</ref>
  
−
Flowers: Inflorescence of compound umbels; flowers yellow, small, stalks of unequal length; involucels lacking. <ref name="Bartow, Amy L. 2003">Propagation protocol for production of container Lomatium nudicaule Pursh plants; Corvallis Plant Materials Center, Corvallis, Oregon. In: Native Plant Network. URL: http://www.nativeplantnetwork.org (accessed 17 October 2006). Moscow (ID): University of Idaho, College of Natural Resources, Forest Research Nursery.</ref>
+
Leaves are glaucous, 1-3 times compound, leaflets are lanceolate to ovate in shape.<ref name=":1" /> Plants are generally acaulescent, occasionally caulescent.<ref name=":0" />
−
===Bloom Time===
+
 
−
Early Spring <ref>http://www.pnwflowers.com/flower/lomatium-nudicaule</ref>
+
Inflorescence of compound umbels, flowers pale yellow and small, stalks of unequal length, involucels lacking.<ref name=":2">Klinkenberg, Brian. (Editor) 2020. ''E-Flora BC: Electronic Atlas of the Plants of
 +
British Columbia'' [eflora.bc.ca]. Lab for Advanced Spatial Analysis,
 +
Department of Geography, University of British Columbia, Vancouver. [Accessed: 2020-06-08 12:03:17 PM ]</ref> Often the peduncles are swollen and hollow at the base of the umbel.<ref name=":1" />
 +
 
 +
Fruits are oblong to elliptic, 7-15 mm long, sometimes with beaked tip, ribs distinct with wings up to 1/2 the width of the body.<ref name=":2" />
 +
 
 +
===Bloom Period===
 +
April-June.<ref name="Burke">WTU Herbarium, Burke Museum,
 +
& University of Washington. Retrieved from <nowiki>http://biology.burke.washington.edu/herbarium/imagecollection.php?Genus=Lomatium&Species=nudicaule</nowiki></ref>
 
===Distribution===
 
===Distribution===
−
Widely distributed throughout Washington; British Columbia south to California, east to Idaho and Utah.<ref name="Burke">http://biology.burke.washington.edu/herbarium/imagecollection.php?Genus=Lomatium&Species=nudicaule</ref>
+
Both sides of Cascades, southern BC to central California, Idaho, Nevada, and western Utah.<ref name=":0" />
 
===Habitat===
 
===Habitat===
 
Dry, open areas; common in shrub-steppe, but found in mountain meadows.<ref name="Burke">http://biology.burke.washington.edu/herbarium/imagecollection.php?Genus=Lomatium&Species=nudicaule</ref>
 
Dry, open areas; common in shrub-steppe, but found in mountain meadows.<ref name="Burke">http://biology.burke.washington.edu/herbarium/imagecollection.php?Genus=Lomatium&Species=nudicaule</ref>
 
===Uses===
 
===Uses===
−
*Seeds chewed for colds <ref name="The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II">Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell 1971 The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II. Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339 (p. 89)</ref>
+
Many ''Lomatium'' species are important food and medicine plants.
−
*Poultice of chewed seeds applied or chewed seeds blown on head for headaches.<ref name="The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II">Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell 1971 The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II. Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339 (p. 89)</ref>
+
 
−
*Infusion of seeds taken by pregnant women to insure an easy delivery.<ref name="The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia">Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell 1973 The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia. Economic Botany 27:257-310 (p. 276)
+
Hul'qumi'num and Lekwungen use of seeds, chewed for colds or sore throats. <ref name="The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II">Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell 1971 The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II. Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339 (p. 89)</ref>
 +
 
 +
Kwakwaka'wakw use of chewed seeds applied on head for headaches.<ref name="The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II">Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell 1971 The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II. Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339 (p. 89)</ref>
 +
 
 +
Kwakwaka'wakw use of infusion of seeds, taken by pregnant people to support an easy delivery.<ref name="The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia">Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell 1973 The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia. Economic Botany 27:257-310 (p. 276)
 
</ref>
 
</ref>
 +
 +
Nlaka'pamux use as food, roots baked, stems peeled, leaves and immature fruits as a flavoring in other foods.<ref>Native American Ethnobotany Database. Retrieved from <nowiki>http://naeb.brit.org/uses/search/?string=Lomatium+nudicaule</nowiki></ref>
 +
 
=== Propagation ===
 
=== Propagation ===
 
Seeds benefit from stratification, slow to establish.  Seeds germinated within 1-2 weeks. <ref name="Bartow, Amy L. 2003">Propagation protocol for production of container Lomatium nudicaule Pursh plants; Corvallis Plant Materials Center, Corvallis, Oregon. In: Native Plant Network. URL: http://www.nativeplantnetwork.org (accessed 17 October 2006). Moscow (ID): University of Idaho, College of Natural Resources, Forest Research Nursery.</ref>
 
Seeds benefit from stratification, slow to establish.  Seeds germinated within 1-2 weeks. <ref name="Bartow, Amy L. 2003">Propagation protocol for production of container Lomatium nudicaule Pursh plants; Corvallis Plant Materials Center, Corvallis, Oregon. In: Native Plant Network. URL: http://www.nativeplantnetwork.org (accessed 17 October 2006). Moscow (ID): University of Idaho, College of Natural Resources, Forest Research Nursery.</ref>
 
===Seed===
 
===Seed===
−
[[File:LONU DennisPlank sd .jpg|thumb|300px|right|]]
 
−
 
 
'''Seed sample from:''' 2011
 
'''Seed sample from:''' 2011
  
Line 55: Line 76:
  
 
'''Longitudinal''' Cross Section: elliptical [[File:LONU long.png]]
 
'''Longitudinal''' Cross Section: elliptical [[File:LONU long.png]]
 +
 +
=== Image Gallery ===
 +
<gallery>
 +
File:LOMNUD1.jpg|Mature fruit, photo by Ben Legler, 2004
 +
</gallery>
  
 
===References===
 
===References===
 
----
 
----
 
<references />
 
<references />

Revision as of 16:18, 8 June 2020

  • Latin Name: Lomatium nudicaule
  • Family: Apiaceae
  • Common Names: bare-stemmed biscuit-root, pestle parsnip
  • Synonyms/Misapplications: Cogswellia nudicaulis, Lomatium platyphyllum
  • Codon: LOMNUD

Taxonomy

Lomatium nudicaule
Photo by Ben Legler, 2004, also featured on Main Page
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Subkingdom: Tracheobionta
Phylum: Spermatophyta
Subphylum: Magnoliophyta
Class: Magnoliopsida
Subclass: Asteranae
Order: Apiales
Family: Apiaceae
Genus: Lomatium Raf.
Species: Lomatium nudicaule (Pursh) J.M. Coult. & Rose

Plant Description

For the Lomatium genus, mature fruit shape, aspect ratio, and pedicel length are diagnostic.[1]

Native perennial, 2-9 dm tall, growing from an enlarged taproot.[2]

Leaves are glaucous, 1-3 times compound, leaflets are lanceolate to ovate in shape.[2] Plants are generally acaulescent, occasionally caulescent.[1]

Inflorescence of compound umbels, flowers pale yellow and small, stalks of unequal length, involucels lacking.[3] Often the peduncles are swollen and hollow at the base of the umbel.[2]

Fruits are oblong to elliptic, 7-15 mm long, sometimes with beaked tip, ribs distinct with wings up to 1/2 the width of the body.[3]

Bloom Period

April-June.[4]

Distribution

Both sides of Cascades, southern BC to central California, Idaho, Nevada, and western Utah.[1]

Habitat

Dry, open areas; common in shrub-steppe, but found in mountain meadows.[4]

Uses

Many Lomatium species are important food and medicine plants.

Hul'qumi'num and Lekwungen use of seeds, chewed for colds or sore throats. [5]

Kwakwaka'wakw use of chewed seeds applied on head for headaches.[5]

Kwakwaka'wakw use of infusion of seeds, taken by pregnant people to support an easy delivery.[6]

Nlaka'pamux use as food, roots baked, stems peeled, leaves and immature fruits as a flavoring in other foods.[7]

Propagation

Seeds benefit from stratification, slow to establish. Seeds germinated within 1-2 weeks. [8]

Seed

Seed sample from: 2011

Average Measurement: 10.7 x 4.9 x 0.9

Measurement Range: L: 9 – 12.5, W: 4 – 5.75, D: 0.5 – 1.1

Features

Shape: Seeds widely winged and schizoid. Hilum puckered.

Color: Wings and ribs off-white to tan. Hilum is darker. Outer seed face has light to dark brown center, bisected by three tan ribs that cross longitudinally from hilum to opposite apex. Inner seed face is bisected by one major rib, and then has darker brown stripes mixed with tan stripes.

Surface: Seeds smooth and matte.

Latitudinal Cross Section: elliptical LONU lat.png

Longitudinal Cross Section: elliptical LONU long.png

Image Gallery

  • Mature fruit, photo by Ben Legler, 2004

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Hitchcock, C. L., Cronquist, A., Giblin, D., & Legler, B. et al. (2018). Flora of the Pacific Northwest: an illustrated manual. Seattle: University of Washington Press.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Bowcutt, F., & Hamman, Sarah. (2016). Vascular plants of the South Sound prairies (First ed.). Olympia, Washington: The Evergreen State College Press.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Klinkenberg, Brian. (Editor) 2020. E-Flora BC: Electronic Atlas of the Plants of British Columbia [eflora.bc.ca]. Lab for Advanced Spatial Analysis, Department of Geography, University of British Columbia, Vancouver. [Accessed: 2020-06-08 12:03:17 PM ]
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 WTU Herbarium, Burke Museum, & University of Washington. Retrieved from http://biology.burke.washington.edu/herbarium/imagecollection.php?Genus=Lomatium&Species=nudicaule
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell 1971 The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II. Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339 (p. 89)
  6. ↑ Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell 1973 The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia. Economic Botany 27:257-310 (p. 276)
  7. ↑ Native American Ethnobotany Database. Retrieved from http://naeb.brit.org/uses/search/?string=Lomatium+nudicaule
  8. ↑ Propagation protocol for production of container Lomatium nudicaule Pursh plants; Corvallis Plant Materials Center, Corvallis, Oregon. In: Native Plant Network. URL: http://www.nativeplantnetwork.org (accessed 17 October 2006). Moscow (ID): University of Idaho, College of Natural Resources, Forest Research Nursery.
Retrieved from "http://wikis.evergreen.edu/pugetprairieplants/index.php?title=Lomatium_nudicaule&oldid=4103"

The Evergreen State College