Difference between revisions of "Viola nuttallii var. praemorsa"

From Puget Prairie Plants
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(→‎Description)
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===Description===
 
===Description===
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BurkeGeneral: Perennial from short, erect rhizomes, the stems up to 15 cm. long.
 
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Leaves: Leaf blades conspicuously hairy, thick and fleshy, entire, ovate-lanceolate, 5-10 cm. long; petiole 5-15 cm. long; stipules attached to the petiole, the free portion few-toothed.
 
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Flowers: Flowers with peduncles shorter than the leaves; flowers 8-15 mm. long, yellow, the upper petals brownish-backed, the lower 3 penciled with brownish-purple, the lateral pair bearded; style head bearded, rounded.
 
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Fruit: Fruit a hairy, 3-valved capsule, ovary superior, placentation parietal.<ref name=":0">WTU Herbarium, Burke Museum, & University of Washington.
 
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Retrieved from https://biology.burke.washington.edu/herbarium/imagecollection/taxon.php?Taxon=Viola%20nuttallii%20var.%20praemorsa</ref>
 
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BCGeneral: Perennial herb from a fibrous root, without stolons; stems erect, sparsely to densely hairy, largely underground but the aerial stems 6-30 cm tall.
 
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Leaves: Basal leaves egg-shaped to lanceolate, entire or slightly wavy, sparsely to densely hairy, the blades 2-10 cm long, 1-3.5 cm wide, the stalks 3-15 cm long; stem leaves lacking or few, similar; stipules joined to the stem with the free end entire to toothed, sparsely to densely hairy.
 
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Flowers: Inflorescence of single, axillary flowers; petals 5, yellow, the lower petal 12-20 mm long including the 1- to 2-mm long spur, the lower 3 usually brown-penicilled and sometimes tinged with brown, the lateral pair bearded; sepals 5, lanceolate; style heads bearded.
 
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Fruits: Capsules, smooth to hairy, 6-11 mm long; seeds dark brown.
 
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'''Habit:''' Perennial herb 7.5--30 cm, glabrous to densely puberulent. '''Stem:''' prostrate to erect, generally several, clustered on 1--several subterranean caudices from woody rhizome. '''Leaf:''' simple; basal 1--5 per caudex, petiole 4.3--19.2 cm, blade 2.3--8.5 cm, 1.4--3.7 cm wide, elliptic or ovate, entire, wavy, or generally irregularly crenate to serrate, base tapered, often oblique to +- truncate, tip acute or obtuse; cauline blade 2.6--5.8 cm, 1.3--3.5 cm wide, like basal. '''Inflorescence:''' axillary; peduncle 2.7--26 cm. '''Flower:''' sepals lanceolate, ciliate or not; petals deep lemon-yellow, upper 2, sometimes lateral 2 maroon or +- brown abaxially, lower 3 veined brown-purple, lateral 2 bearded with cylindric hairs, lowest 12--20 mm. '''Fruit:''' 6--12 mm, elliptic to oblong, glabrous to minutely puberulent. '''Seed:''' 2--3 mm, medium to dark brown, +- 1/3 length covered by outgrowth.
 
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Perennial, rhizomatous herb with axillary yellow flowers, to 30 cm tall.<ref name=":1">Jepson Herbarium Online Flora. Retrieved from https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/eflora_display.php?tid=53398</ref> Stems several, erect, borne from underground caudices,<ref name=":1" /> hairy.<ref name=":2">E-Flora
 
Perennial, rhizomatous herb with axillary yellow flowers, to 30 cm tall.<ref name=":1">Jepson Herbarium Online Flora. Retrieved from https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/eflora_display.php?tid=53398</ref> Stems several, erect, borne from underground caudices,<ref name=":1" /> hairy.<ref name=":2">E-Flora
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BC: Electronic Atlas of the Flora of British Columbia. Retrieved from https://linnet.geog.ubc.ca/Atlas/Atlas.aspx?sciname=Viola%20praemorsa&redblue=Both&lifeform=7</ref> Leaves mostly basal,<ref name=":2" /> not coarsely veined, crenate to serrate,<ref name=":3" /> hairy, fleshy, petiolate, ovate-lanceolate, to 10 cm, petioles to 15 cm long.<ref name=":0" /> Flowers 5-merous, solitary, axillary, zygomorphic; sepals 5, lanceolate;<ref name=":1" /> petals 5, lowermost larger and spurred, upper 4 in 2 pairs;<ref name=":3" /> lower 3 petals with brown-purple veins, lateral 2 bearded;<ref name=":1" /> stamens 5, connivent around pistil;<ref name=":3" /> pistil 3-carpellate with 1 style,<ref name=":3" /> bearded stigma<ref name=":0" /> and superior ovary with parietal placentation becoming a ellipsoid to oblong<ref name=":3" /> 3-valved capsule.<ref name=":0" />
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BC: Electronic Atlas of the Flora of British Columbia. Retrieved from https://linnet.geog.ubc.ca/Atlas/Atlas.aspx?sciname=Viola%20praemorsa&redblue=Both&lifeform=7</ref> Leaves mostly basal,<ref name=":2" /> not coarsely veined, crenate to serrate,<ref name=":3" /> hairy, fleshy, petiolate, ovate-lanceolate, to 10 cm, petioles to 15 cm long.<ref name=":0">WTU Herbarium, Burke Museum, & University of Washington.
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Retrieved from https://biology.burke.washington.edu/herbarium/imagecollection/taxon.php?Taxon=Viola%20nuttallii%20var.%20praemorsa</ref> Flowers 5-merous, solitary, axillary, zygomorphic; sepals 5, lanceolate;<ref name=":1" /> petals 5, lowermost larger and spurred, upper 4 in 2 pairs;<ref name=":3" /> lower 3 petals with brown-purple veins, lateral 2 bearded;<ref name=":1" /> stamens 5, connivent around pistil;<ref name=":3" /> pistil 3-carpellate with 1 style,<ref name=":3" /> bearded stigma<ref name=":0" /> and superior ovary with parietal placentation becoming a ellipsoid to oblong<ref name=":3" /> 3-valved capsule.<ref name=":0" />
  
 
===Bloom Period===
 
===Bloom Period===
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April-July
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April-July<ref name=":0" />
 
===Distribution===
 
===Distribution===
 
Both sides of the Cascades, into Northern California, east to Montana, Wyoming and Northern Utah.<ref name=":3">Hitchcock, C. L., Cronquist, A., Giblin, D., & Legler,
 
Both sides of the Cascades, into Northern California, east to Montana, Wyoming and Northern Utah.<ref name=":3">Hitchcock, C. L., Cronquist, A., Giblin, D., & Legler,
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Seattle: University of Washington Press.</ref>
 
Seattle: University of Washington Press.</ref>
 
===Habitat===
 
===Habitat===
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Grasslands, shrub-steppe, open forest.
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Grasslands, shrub-steppe, open forest.<ref name=":0" />
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Moisture Regime-Moist
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Shade Tolerance-Intolerant
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=== Propagation ===
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[https://rngr.net/npn/propagation/protocols/violaceae-viola-4085/?searchterm=Viola%20praemorsa Native Plant Network Propagation Protocol]
  
 
===Photo Gallery<ref name=":0" />===
 
===Photo Gallery<ref name=":0" />===

Revision as of 16:35, 30 June 2021

  • Scientific Name: Viola nuttallii var. praemosa
  • Family: Violaceae
  • Common Names: canary violet, upland yellow violet, yellow montane violet
  • Synonyms/Misapplications: V. praemorsa, V, praemosa vars. flavovirens, linguifolia
  • Codon: VIONUT
Photo Anita Goodrich, also featured on Main Page

Taxonomy

Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Subkingdom: Viridiplantae
Phylum: Tracheophyta
Subphylum: Spermatophytina
Class: Magnoliopsida
Subclass: Rosanae
Order: Malpighiales
Family: Violaceae
Genus: Viola L.
Species: Viola nuttallii Pursh
Subspecies: Viola nuttalli var. praemorsa (Douglas ex Lindl.) S. Watson (not accepted)
Synonyms
  • Viola praemorsa var. praemorsa Douglas ex Lindl. (accepted)

[1]

Description

Perennial, rhizomatous herb with axillary yellow flowers, to 30 cm tall.[2] Stems several, erect, borne from underground caudices,[2] hairy.[3] Leaves mostly basal,[3] not coarsely veined, crenate to serrate,[4] hairy, fleshy, petiolate, ovate-lanceolate, to 10 cm, petioles to 15 cm long.[5] Flowers 5-merous, solitary, axillary, zygomorphic; sepals 5, lanceolate;[2] petals 5, lowermost larger and spurred, upper 4 in 2 pairs;[4] lower 3 petals with brown-purple veins, lateral 2 bearded;[2] stamens 5, connivent around pistil;[4] pistil 3-carpellate with 1 style,[4] bearded stigma[5] and superior ovary with parietal placentation becoming a ellipsoid to oblong[4] 3-valved capsule.[5]

Bloom Period

April-July[5]

Distribution

Both sides of the Cascades, into Northern California, east to Montana, Wyoming and Northern Utah.[4]

Habitat

Grasslands, shrub-steppe, open forest.[5]

Propagation

Native Plant Network Propagation Protocol

Photo Gallery[5]

  • G.D. Carr 2008

  • G.D. Carr 2011

  • Rod Gilbert 2004

  • Rod Gilbert 2003

References

  1. ↑ Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved from https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=847695#null
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Jepson Herbarium Online Flora. Retrieved from https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/eflora_display.php?tid=53398
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 E-Flora BC: Electronic Atlas of the Flora of British Columbia. Retrieved from https://linnet.geog.ubc.ca/Atlas/Atlas.aspx?sciname=Viola%20praemorsa&redblue=Both&lifeform=7
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 Hitchcock, C. L., Cronquist, A., Giblin, D., & Legler, B. et al. (2018). Flora of the Pacific Northwest: an illustrated manual. Seattle: University of Washington Press.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 WTU Herbarium, Burke Museum, & University of Washington. Retrieved from https://biology.burke.washington.edu/herbarium/imagecollection/taxon.php?Taxon=Viola%20nuttallii%20var.%20praemorsa
Retrieved from "http://wikis.evergreen.edu/pugetprairieplants/index.php?title=Viola_nuttallii_var._praemorsa&oldid=5227"

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