Aquilegia formosa
- Latin Name: Aquilegia formosa
- Family: Ranunculaceae
- Common Names: red columbine, Sitka columbine
- Codon: AQUFOR
Contents
Taxonomy
| Aquilegia formosa | |
|---|---|
| |
| Photo by Bernard Kovalchik, also featured on Main Page | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Subkingdom: | Viridiplantae |
| Phylum: | Tracheophyta |
| Subphylum: | Spermatophytina |
| Class: | Magnoliopsida |
| Subclass: | Ranunculanae |
| Order: | Ranunculales |
| Family: | Ranunculaceae |
| Genus: | Aquilegia L. |
| Species: | Aquilegia formosa Fisch. Ex DC. |
Synonyms:
- Aquilegia canadensis L. var. formosa
- Aquilegia columbiana Rydb.
- Aquilegia formosa Fisch. ex DC. in part [H&C, KZ99]
- Aquilegia formosa Fischer ex de Candolle var. communis B. Boivin
- Aquilegia formosa Fischer ex de Candolle var. megalantha B. Boivin
- Aquilegia formosa Fischer var. wawawensis (Payson) H. St. John [1]
Description
Densely pubescent perennial from a branched to simple woody base with several stems 1.5-10 dm. tall. Long petiolate, mostly basal leaves 1.5-5.5 cm long. Pale to deep red flowers usually several, nodding; sepals 5, petal-like, oblong-lanceolate, 1.5-2.5 cm. long; petals 5, yellow, with straight spurs 10-15 mm. long, the blades 2-5 mm. long; stamens numerous, the inner ones sterile and scale-like. Follicles 5, 2 cm. long, copiously glandular-puberulent. [2]
Bloom Period
May-August [2]
Distribution
Widely distributed throughout Washington; Alaska south to California, coastal and inland to Alberta and Wyoming. [2]
Habitat
Open woods, lowlands to mid-elevations in the mountains. [2]
Uses
The western columbine is a pollinator food source and thus can be used in site rehabilitation. It also attracts hummingbirds, browsing and grazing animals. The nectar was considered to be a candy by the Gitxsan and Wetsuweten peoples. [2]
Propagation
Follicles normally dry and split open at maturity. Gently crush dried seed heads to release remaining seeds; cleaned with "office clipper" air-screen. The papery, light pod chaff is easily separated from seed. Fairly long moist pre-chill improved germination; seeded cones stored for 6 months in a cold walk-in cooler with soil surface kept moist, produced more than 15% germination. Germination tests at Oregon State University seed lab were reported at just 8% with a 3-day prechill treatment. 3 to 5 seeds each were sown into Ray-leach SC-10 super cells filled with Fisons' Sunshine #1 potting mix, amended with 3-month slow-release Osmocote NPK fertilizer and small amounts of Micromax trace elements. Cones were well-watered and placed in to a walk-in cooler at 40 F for 6 months cold-stratification. Cones were moved outdoors to shadehouse in mid-spring to germinate. Initial germination is spotty, and initial growth is quite slow. Seedlings need light but fairly frequent watering to keep soil moist but not soggy.[3]
Seed
Seed sample from: 2011
Average Measurement: 2.5 x 1.4 x 1.2
Measurement Range: L: 2.5 - 2.75, W: 1.2 - 1.5, D: 1 - 1.5
Features
Shape: Seeds tapering at hilum end, broadening at opposite side.
Color: Hilum is white, seed is black.
Surface: At least one distinct ridge runs from the hilum to the opposite side. End opposite hilum is sometimes puckered or having concave pits. Seed is glossy and lightly textured with very small bumps.
Latitudinal Cross Section: elliptical 
Longitudinal Cross Section: obovate 
Basic Explanations and Assumptions:
The dimensions for the seeds are length x width x depth. The location of the hilum is used as the base of the seed, and the length is measured from hilum to the opposite apex. Where a style is present, the length is measured from the hilum to the bottom of the style. Width is measured at a right angle to the length at the widest part. Depth is measured at a right angle to the intersection of height and width lines.
Measurements included are the mean average for each measurement of ten separate seeds.
All measurements in millimeters unless otherwise noted.
Photo Gallery
Photo by Donovan Tracy, flowersofrainier.com
seedling, courtesy of CNLM
seedling, courtesy of CNLM
References
- ↑ Washington Flora Checklist
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 WTU Herbarium Profiles
- ↑ Native Plant Network Propagation Protocol Database. Retrieved from https://npn.rngr.net/renderNPNProtocolDetails?selectedProtocolIds=ranunculaceae-aquilegia-2362
