Trifolium willdenovii

Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae;
Subkingdom:	Viridiplantae;
Phylum:	Tracheophyta;
Subphylum:	Spermatophytina;
Class:	Magnoliopsida;
Subclass:	Lilianeae;
Order:	Fabales;
Family:	Fabaceae;
Genus:	Trifolium L.;
Species:	Trifolium willdenovii V.G. Soukup;
Synonyms
	Trifolium willdenowii Spreng.; Trifolium tridentatum Lindl.; Trifolium tridentatum var. aciculare (Nutt.) McDermott;

Scientific Name: Trifolium willdenovii
Family: Fabaceae.
Common Names: tomcat clover, sand clover.
Synonyms and misapplications: Trifolium tridentatum
Codon: TRIWIL

Photo Ben Legler 2004, also featured on Main Page

Glabrous annual herb, growing from a taproot with terminal heads of purplish flowers, up to 70 cm tall.^[2] Stems spreading to erect, 1 to several.^[3] Leaves alternate,^[3] trifoliate, petiolate with narrow leaflets to 4 cm long, serrulate; stipules large, ovate, lacerate.^[2] Inflorescences head-like, involucre greater than 3 mm,^[4] 1-3 cm wide with 6-60 flowers.^[3] Flowers papilionaceous; calyx shiny,^[5] 5-lobes equal in length to tube;^[2] corolla 5-merous with banner, wings and connate keel, purple, 8-15 mm;^[5] stamens 10, diadelphous; pistil simple, superior ovary becoming a 1 to 2-seeded capsule.^[4]

Bloom Period

April-July^[2]

Distribution

British Columbia south to California; in Washington, west side of the Cascades and east along the Columbia River.^[2]

Habitat

Low to moderate elevation grassy hillsides, balds, prairies and meadows.^[2]

Uses

Seeds used for food; Young, tender plants eaten uncooked as greens; Raw or steamed buds eaten before plant bloomed; Steamed, dried leaves soaked in water or boiled before eating in winter. ^[6]

Propagation

Seeds are germinated during late winter and early spring months in a shadehouse were they remain for several weeks. Seeds are directly sown into flats filled with a 1 inch layer of special seed germination mix of 1:1 (v:v) Sunshine Professional Growing Mix and sand on top of 4:1:1 (v:v:v) peat, perlite, and organic compost.^[7]

Seed

Trifolium willdenovii seed

Seed sample from: 2011

Average Measurement: 1.6 x 1.1 x 1.1

Measurement Range: L: 1.5 - 2, W: 1 - 1.3, D: 1 - 1.1

Features

Shape: Flattened egg shape. Hilum is small circular divot seated between a protruding lobe.

Color: Seed background gray/brown, sometimes speckled with dark brown.

Surface: Smooth and glossy.

Latitudinal Cross Section: elliptical

Longitudinal Cross Section: elliptical

Basic Explanations and Assumptions:

The dimensions for the seeds are length x width x depth. The location of the hilum is used as the base of the seed, and the length is measured from hilum to the opposite apex. Where a style is present, the length is measured from the hilum to the bottom of the style. Width is measured at a right angle to the length at the widest part. Depth is measured at a right angle to the intersection of height and width lines.

Measurements included are the mean average for each measurement of ten separate seeds.

All measurements in millimeters unless otherwise noted.

Photo Gallery

Ben Legler 2004
T. willdenovi seedling. Photo Becca Reilly, courtesy CNLM
T. willdenovi seed. Photo Lisa Hintz

References

Herrera, Mike; Takara, Janet. 2006. Propagation protocol for production of container Trifolium willdenovi Spreng. ' ' plants (Deepot 40 (40 cubic inch)); Catalina Island Conservancy, Avalon, California. In: Native Plant Network. URL: http://www.nativeplantnetwork.org (accessed 25 September 2006). Moscow (ID): University of Idaho, College of Natural Resources, Forest Research Nursery. http://biology.burke.washington.edu/herbarium/imagecollection.php

↑ Interagency Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved from https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=26315#null
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 ^2.4 ^2.5 WTU Herbarium, Burke Museum, & University of Washington. Retrieved from https://biology.burke.washington.edu/herbarium/imagecollection/taxon.php?Taxon=Trifolium%20willdenovii
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 E-Flora BC: Electronic Atlas of the Flora of British Columbia. Retrieved from http://linnet.geog.ubc.ca/Atlas/Atlas.aspx?sciname=Trifolium+willdenovii
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 Hitchcock, C. L., Cronquist, A., Giblin, D., & Legler, B. et al. (2018). Flora of the Pacific Northwest: an illustrated manual. Seattle: University of Washington Press. pp. 177-179.
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 Jepson Herbarium Online Flora. Retrieved from https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/eflora_display.php?tid=47186
↑ [1]
↑ Herrera, Mike; Takara, Janet. 2006. Propagation protocol for production of container Trifolium willdenovi Spreng. ' ' plants (Deepot 40 (40 cubic inch)); Catalina Island Conservancy, Avalon, California. In: Native Plant Network. URL: http://www.nativeplantnetwork.org (accessed 25 September 2006). Moscow (ID): University of Idaho,

[1] Interagency Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved from https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=26315#null

[:0-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 ^2.4 ^2.5 WTU Herbarium, Burke Museum, & University of Washington. Retrieved from https://biology.burke.washington.edu/herbarium/imagecollection/taxon.php?Taxon=Trifolium%20willdenovii

[University_of_Idaho-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 E-Flora BC: Electronic Atlas of the Flora of British Columbia. Retrieved from http://linnet.geog.ubc.ca/Atlas/Atlas.aspx?sciname=Trifolium+willdenovii

[:1-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Hitchcock, C. L., Cronquist, A., Giblin, D., & Legler, B. et al. (2018). Flora of the Pacific Northwest: an illustrated manual. Seattle: University of Washington Press. pp. 177-179.

[:2-5] 5.0 ^5.1 Jepson Herbarium Online Flora. Retrieved from https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/eflora_display.php?tid=47186

[Burke-6] [1]

[7] Herrera, Mike; Takara, Janet. 2006. Propagation protocol for production of container Trifolium willdenovi Spreng. ' ' plants (Deepot 40 (40 cubic inch)); Catalina Island Conservancy, Avalon, California. In: Native Plant Network. URL: http://www.nativeplantnetwork.org (accessed 25 September 2006). Moscow (ID): University of Idaho,

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