Difference between revisions of "Achillea millefolium"

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[[File:Achillea millefolium.jpg|250px|thumb|right|''Achillea millefolium'']]
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* Latin Name: ''Achillea'' ''millefolium''
'''''Achillea millefolium''''', or common yarrow, is a herbaceous flowering plant in the Asteracae family.   Sometimes also called western yarrow, millefoil, bloodwort, carpenter's weed, plumajillo, and hierba de las cortaduras.<br> <br>'''Synonyms:'''  
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* Family: Asteraceae
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* Common Names: milfoil, yarrow
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* Synonyms/Misapplications: ''Achillea'' ''borealis, Achillea'' ''lanulosa''
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* Codon: ACHMIL
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== Taxonomy ==
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{{Taxobox
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| name = Achillea millefolium| image =ACHMIL1.jpg
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| image_caption =Photo by Ray Izumi, 2009. Also featured on Main Page
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| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
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| subregnum = Tracheobionta
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| phylum = Spermatophyta
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| classis = Magnoliopsida
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| ordo = Asterales
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| familia = Asteraceae
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| genus = '''''Achillea '''''L.
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| species = '''''Achillea millefolium '''''L.
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| binomial =
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| binomial_authority =
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| synonyms =
 
*''Achillea borealis''
 
*''Achillea borealis''
 
*''Achillea lanulosa Nutt. var. eradiata''  
 
*''Achillea lanulosa Nutt. var. eradiata''  
*''Achillea lanulosa Nutt. var. lanulosa''
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''  
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**lanulosa
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**alpicola
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**borealis
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**californica
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**lanulosa
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**litoralis
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**millefolium
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**occidentalis
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**pacifica''
 
*''Achillea millefolium L. ssp. lanulosa''
 
*''Achillea millefolium L. ssp. lanulosa''
*''Achillea millefolium L. var. alpicola''
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}}
*''Achillea millefolium L. var. borealis''
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*''Achillea millefolium L. var. californica''
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*''Achillea millefolium L. var. lanulosa''
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*''Achillea millefolium L. var. litoralis''
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*''Achillea millefolium L. var. millefolium''
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*''Achillea millefolium L. var. occidentalis''
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*''Achillea millefolium L. var. pacifica'' <ref>[http://biology.burke.washington.edu/herbarium/waflora/checklist.php?Taxon=Achillea%20millefolium&ID=432 Washington Flora Checklist] </ref>
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==Taxonomy==
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*Kingdom         Plantae – Plants <br>
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*Subkingdom         Tracheobionta – Vascular plants  <br>
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*Superdivision Spermatophyta – Seed plants <br>
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*Division         Magnoliophyta – Flowering plants <br>
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*Class         Magnoliopsida – Dicotyledons <br>
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*Subclass         Asteridae <br>
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*Order         Asterales <br>
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*Family         Asteraceae – Aster family <br>
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*Genus         Achillea L. – yarrow <br>
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*Species Achillea millefolium L. – common yarrow
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==Description==
 
==Description==
Herbaceous perennial growing from rhizomes, from one to several stems up to heights of 8 to 16 inches.  Tripinnate and lance-shaped leaves evenly distributed along stem with the leaves becoming smaller towards the top.  Leaves typically between 1/4 inch to 1 1/4 inch wide and 1 1/4 inch long to 6 inches long.  Flat-topped flower heads (inflorescence) containing 10-20 whitish to yellowish flowers. <ref>http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=acmi2</ref>
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Herbaceous perennial growing from rhizomes, from one to several stems up to heights of 8 to 16 inches.  Tripinnate and lance-shaped leaves evenly distributed along stem with the leaves becoming smaller towards the top.  Leaves typically between 1/4 inch to 1 1/4 inch wide and 1 1/4 inch long to 6 inches long.  Flat-topped flower heads (inflorescence) containing 10-20 whitish to yellowish flowers. <ref name="USDA">[http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=acmi2 USDA Plants Profile for Achillea millefolium]</ref>
  
 
==Bloom Period==
 
==Bloom Period==
April-October <ref>http://biology.burke.washington.edu/herbarium/imagecollection.php</ref>
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April-October <ref name="UW">[http://biology.burke.washington.edu/herbarium/imagecollection.php WTU Image Collection:Plants of Washington]</ref>
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[[File:Screen shot 2012-04-30 at 12.28.51 PM.png|left|300px|Distribution of Yarrow]]
 
==Distribution==
 
==Distribution==
"Widespread throughout North America" <ref>http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=acmi2</ref>
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"Widespread throughout North America" <ref name="USDA" />
 
==Habitat==
 
==Habitat==
Common in open dry to moist areas from high to low elevations; drought tolerant <ref>http://biology.burke.washington.edu/herbarium/imagecollection.php</ref>
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Common in open dry to moist areas from high to low elevations; drought tolerant <ref name="UW" />
 
==Uses==
 
==Uses==
Several tribes of the Plains region of the United States including the Pawnee and Chippewa tribes used common yarrow.  The Pawnee used the stalk in a treatment for pain relief.  The Chippewa used the leaves in a steam inhalant for headaches.  They also chewed the roots and applied the saliva to their appendages as a stimulant.  The Cherokee drank a tea of common yarrow to reduce fever and aid in restful sleep.  <ref>http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=acmi2</ref>
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Several tribes of the Plains region of the United States including the Pawnee and Chippewa tribes used common yarrow.  The Pawnee used the stalk in a treatment for pain relief.  The Chippewa used the leaves in a steam inhalant for headaches.  They also chewed the roots and applied the saliva to their appendages as a stimulant.  The Cherokee drank a tea of common yarrow to reduce fever and aid in restful sleep.  <ref name="USDA" />
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Herbalist Michael Moore alsowrites that ''A. millefolium'' is a great benefit for acute fevers, as a hot infusion. He also writes that it is an effective hemostatic, and helps with irritation of the GI mucosa. <ref>Moore, M. (2011). ''Medicinal plants of the Pacific West''.
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Santa Fe: Museum of New Mexico Press.</ref>
 
==Propagation==
 
==Propagation==
 
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Clean seeds with hammer mill then air screen cleaner.  Sow in field between May or June and September.  Plant 50-70 seeds per foot 1/2" deep or less spaced in 3" rows. 
  
  
 
==Seed==
 
==Seed==
[[File:Achillea millefolium single.jpg|300px|thumb|right|''Achillea millefolium'']]
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[[File:Achillea millefolium single.jpg|300px|thumb|''Achillea millefolium'', photo by Lisa Hintz]]
  
'''Abbreviation:''' ACMI
 
  
 
'''Seed sample from:''' 2011
 
'''Seed sample from:''' 2011
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'''Longitudinal Cross Section:''' obovate [[File:ACMI-long-crosssection.png]]
 
'''Longitudinal Cross Section:''' obovate [[File:ACMI-long-crosssection.png]]
 
 
 
  
 
{{Basics}}
 
{{Basics}}
 
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==References==
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<references />
 
==Photo Gallery==
 
==Photo Gallery==
 
<gallery>
 
<gallery>
File:Achillea millefolium.jpg
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File: ACHMIL2.jpg|Photo: Ben Legler, 2004
File:Achillea millefolium single.jpg
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File:ACHMIL3.jpg|Photo: Ben Legler, 2004
 
</gallery>
 
</gallery>
 
 
 
==References==
 
<References/>
 

Revision as of 10:14, 23 January 2021

  • Latin Name: Achillea millefolium
  • Family: Asteraceae
  • Common Names: milfoil, yarrow
  • Synonyms/Misapplications: Achillea borealis, Achillea lanulosa
  • Codon: ACHMIL

Taxonomy

Achillea millefolium
Photo by Ray Izumi, 2009. Also featured on Main Page
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Subkingdom: Tracheobionta
Phylum: Spermatophyta
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Asterales
Family: Asteraceae
Genus: Achillea L.
Species: Achillea millefolium L.
Synonyms
  • Achillea borealis
  • Achillea lanulosa Nutt. var. eradiata

    • lanulosa
    • alpicola
    • borealis
    • californica
    • lanulosa
    • litoralis
    • millefolium
    • occidentalis
    • pacifica
  • Achillea millefolium L. ssp. lanulosa


Description

Herbaceous perennial growing from rhizomes, from one to several stems up to heights of 8 to 16 inches. Tripinnate and lance-shaped leaves evenly distributed along stem with the leaves becoming smaller towards the top. Leaves typically between 1/4 inch to 1 1/4 inch wide and 1 1/4 inch long to 6 inches long. Flat-topped flower heads (inflorescence) containing 10-20 whitish to yellowish flowers. [1]

Bloom Period

April-October [2]

Distribution of Yarrow

Distribution

"Widespread throughout North America" [1]

Habitat

Common in open dry to moist areas from high to low elevations; drought tolerant [2]

Uses

Several tribes of the Plains region of the United States including the Pawnee and Chippewa tribes used common yarrow. The Pawnee used the stalk in a treatment for pain relief. The Chippewa used the leaves in a steam inhalant for headaches. They also chewed the roots and applied the saliva to their appendages as a stimulant. The Cherokee drank a tea of common yarrow to reduce fever and aid in restful sleep. [1]

Herbalist Michael Moore alsowrites that A. millefolium is a great benefit for acute fevers, as a hot infusion. He also writes that it is an effective hemostatic, and helps with irritation of the GI mucosa. [3]

Propagation

Clean seeds with hammer mill then air screen cleaner. Sow in field between May or June and September. Plant 50-70 seeds per foot 1/2" deep or less spaced in 3" rows.


Seed

Achillea millefolium, photo by Lisa Hintz


Seed sample from: 2011

Average Measurement: 1.9 x 0.6 x 0.3

Measurement Range: L: 1.6 - 2.1, W: 0.5 - 1, D: 0.2 - 0.5

Features

Shape: Seed narrowly winged at margins, thicker in the middle. Seed face is narrower at hilum end, broadening at opposite side.

Color: Seed coat papery and white, becoming transparent at the center to reveal a red-brown inner seed.

Surface: Finely longitudinally ridged.

Latitudinal Cross Section: elliptical ACMI-lat-crosssection.png

Longitudinal Cross Section: obovate ACMI-long-crosssection.png

Basic Explanations and Assumptions:

The dimensions for the seeds are length x width x depth. The location of the hilum is used as the base of the seed, and the length is measured from hilum to the opposite apex. Where a style is present, the length is measured from the hilum to the bottom of the style. Width is measured at a right angle to the length at the widest part. Depth is measured at a right angle to the intersection of height and width lines.

Measurements included are the mean average for each measurement of ten separate seeds.

All measurements in millimeters unless otherwise noted.

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 USDA Plants Profile for Achillea millefolium
  2. 2.0 2.1 WTU Image Collection:Plants of Washington
  3. Moore, M. (2011). Medicinal plants of the Pacific West. Santa Fe: Museum of New Mexico Press.

Photo Gallery