Difference between revisions of "Camassia leichtlinii"

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First overview block:  
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* Scientific Name: ''Camassia'' ''leichtlinii''
Camassia leichtlinii (Baker) S. Wats. ssp. suksdorfii (Greenm.) Gould
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* Family:  Asparagaceae
Synonyms
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* Common Names: great camas, large camas
Liliaceae
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* Codon: CAMLEI
Large camas, Great camas, Wild Hyacinth
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==Taxonomy==
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[[File:CALEI.jpg |thumb|Photo by Rod Gilbert, 2005. Also featured on Main Page]]
==Description==
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=== Taxonomy ===
Perennial herb from a deep, egg-shaped bulb 2-4 cm long; flowering stems 20-100 cm tall, smooth. Basal leaves several to numerous, linear-lanceolate and grass-like, to 60 cm long, 1-2 cm wide, smooth, sheathing at the base, the margins entire; stem leaves lacking. Inflorescence a terminal raceme of five to many, stalked flowers, the stalks 1-4 cm long, spreading in flower, spreading to ascending in fruit; flowers pale to deep blue, rarely white, of six similar, distinct, petal-like segments (tepals), the tepals 20-40 mm long, 5-10 mm wide, twisting together over the ovary when withered; six stamens; one three-chambered pistil. Capsule fruits, egg-shaped to oblong, cross-ridged, 1-2.5 cm long; fruiting stalks often longer than bracts, spreading to ascending, curved in towards stem; seeds several to many, shiny black, 2-4 mm long
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{{Taxobox
<ref>Douglas et al., 2002</ref>
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| name =
==Bloom Period==
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| image =  
==Habitat==  
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| image_alt = Camassia leichtlinii
Vernally moist meadows in the lowland zone <ref>Douglas et al., 2001.</ref>. Grassy slopes and meadows <ref>Pojar and Mackinnon, 1994</ref>.Nutrients-Nitrogen-rich soils. Moder and Mull humus <ref>Klinka et al., 1989</ref>.Moisture Regime-Dry to moderately moist soils <ref>Klinka et al., 1989</ref>.Shade Tolerance-Shade-intolerant <ref>Klinka et al., 1989</ref>. Landscaping-Use in meadows, grassy slopes and banks. Showy bloom with attractive seed heads. Very tough plant for exposed, hot dry sites once established <ref>S. Bastin, pers. comm</ref>. Use in containers or along pond edges <ref>B. Costanzo, pers. comm.</ref>
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| image_caption = Photo by Rod Gilbert, 2005. Also featured on Main Page
==Uses==
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| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
Use in meadows, grassy slopes and banks. Showy bloom with attractive seed heads. Very tough plant for exposed, hot dry sites once established <ref>S. Bastin, pers. comm.</ref>). Use in containers or along pond edges <ref>B. Costanzo, pers. comm.</ref>).
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| subregnum = Viridiplantae
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| phylum = Tracheophyta
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| subphylum= Spermatophytina
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| classis = Magnoliopsida
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| ordo = Asparagales
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| familia = Asparagaceae
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| genus = ''Camassia'' Lindl.
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| species = '''''Camassia leichtlinii''''' (Baker) S. Watson
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| binomial =  
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| binomial_authority =
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| synonyms =
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}}
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<ref>Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved from https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=42880</ref>
  
==Propagation==
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===Description===
Plant bulbs fairly deep and space 6-12” to form a drift in sun in dry to moist but well-drained soil <ref>S. Bastin, pers. comm.</ref>).
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General: Scapose perennial from a deep-seated bulb, the scape 3-5 dm. tall.
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Leaves: Leaves several, all basal, up to 6 dm. long and mostly 7-20 mm. broad.
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Flowers: Inflorescence a raceme, 1-2 dm. long at flowering, longer in fruit; pedicels 10-40 mm. long, ascending in fruit; flowers light to deep blue-violet; tepals 6, distinct, alike, 2.5-3.5 cm. long and 5-10 mm. broad, twisting above the ovary and covering it; stamens 6, style slender, stigmas 3.
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Fruit: Capsule 3-celled, 15-25 mm. long.<ref name=":0">WTU
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Herbarium, Burke Museum, & University of Washington. Retrieved from http://biology.burke.washington.edu/herbarium/imagecollection/taxon.php?Taxon=Camassia%20leichtlinii</ref>
  
===Seed===
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===Bloom Period===
'''Abbreviation:''' CALEI
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April - May<ref name=":0" />
  
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===Habitat===
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Ecological Setting-Meadows, prairies and hillsides where moist, at least in early spring.
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Vernally moist meadows in the lowland zone <ref>(Douglas et al., 2001).</ref>
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Grassy slopes and meadows<ref>(Pojar and Mackinnon, 1994).</ref>
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Soil Texture-Enjoys heavy loam mixes, but tolerant of other soil types.  Needs moisture during growing season. Grows well in heavy clay soils. Prefers a rather heavy loam that has plenty of moisture in spring but does not remain wet over the winter.
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Nutrients-Nitrogen-rich soils <ref>(Klinka et al., 1989).</ref>
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Moisture Regime Moist soil – dislikes dry soils
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Shade Tolerance Prefers full sun but tolerates partial shade
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Successional Status-Early
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===Distribution===
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West of the Cascades, British Columbia to California.<ref name=":0" />
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===Uses===
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Wildlife-Bees use this plant
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Landscaping-A very ornamental plant<ref name=":1">USDA.gov</ref>, there are many named varieties. Use in meadows, grassy slopes and banks. Showy bloom with attractive seed heads. Very tough plant for exposed, hot dry sites once established (S. Bastin, personal communication). Use in containers or along pond edges (B. Costanzo, personal communication).
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First Nation-the bulb is about 3cm in diameter and can be eaten raw or cooked.  It is a good substitute for a potatoe.  The cooked bulb can also be dried for later use or ground into a powder and used as a thickener in soups or as an additive to cereal flours when making bread, cakes etc. The bulbs can be boiled down to make a molasses, this was used on festival occasions by various Indian tribes. One report says that the bulbs contain inulin (a starch that cannot be digested by humans) but that this breaks down when the bulb is cooked slowly to form the sugar fructose which is sweet and easily digested.<ref>Turner. N. J. (1995). ''Food Plants of Coastal First Peoples.'' Vancouver: UBC Press.</ref>
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Other-This species can be confused with certain poisonous bulbs in the genus Zigadenus.<ref name=":1" />
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===Propagation===
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A very easily grown plant, it succeeds in almost any soil and is tolerant of considerable neglect once it is established. Plants often self-sow.  Plants can be naturalized in damp grass, this should not be trimmed until mid to late summer when the bulbs have flowered and the leaves have died down.  Plant the bulbs 7 - 10cm deep in early autumn and then leave undisturbed. The bulbs should be planted about 20cm deep.<ref name=":2">Plants for a Future. Retrieved from https://pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Camassia+leichtlinii</ref>
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Seeds are best sown as soon as they are ripe in a cold frame and can also be sown in a cold frame in spring. It usually germinates in 1 - 6 months at 15°c, but it can be erratic. Sow the seed thinly so that it does not need to be thinned and allow the seedlings to grow on undisturbed for their first year. Give an occasional liquid feed to ensure that the plants do not become nutrient deficient.<ref name=":2" />
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Seed Storage-Store in a cool, dry place.
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Fruit/Seed Dormancy and Treatment-then the plants are dormant in late summer, pot up the small bulbs putting 2 - 3 bulbs in each pot. Grow them on for another one or two years in a cold frame before planting them out when dormant in late summer. Offsets in late summer. The bulb has to be scored in order to produce offsets.
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[[File:Camassia leichtlimii.jpg|250px|thumb|''Camassia leichtlinii,'' photo Lisa Hintz]]
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===Seed===
 
'''Seed sample from:''' 2011
 
'''Seed sample from:''' 2011
  
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'''Longitudinal Cross Section:''' obovate [[File:Calei-obovate.png]]
 
'''Longitudinal Cross Section:''' obovate [[File:Calei-obovate.png]]
  
[[File:Camassia leichtlimii.jpg|300px|thumb|left|''Camassia leichtlinii'']]
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[[File:Camassia leichtlinii single.jpg|300px|thumb|right|''Camassia leichtlinii'']]
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[[File:Camassia leichtlinii single.jpg|250px|thumb|''Camassia leichtlinii'', photo Lisa Hintz]]
  
  
 
{{Basics}}
 
{{Basics}}
  
==Photo Gallery==
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===Photo Gallery===
 
<gallery>
 
<gallery>
File:CALEI RodGilbert flw 2005.jpg
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File:CAMLEI4.jpg|Photo courteys of CNLM
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File:CAMLEI2.jpg|Young growth, courtesy CNLM
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File:CAMLEI3.jpg|Photo: Ben Legler, 2005. Showing species characteristic of tepals twisting together over ovary when withering
 
</gallery>
 
</gallery>
  
==references & notes==
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===References===
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<references />
{{reflist|2}}
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Revision as of 12:32, 25 March 2021

  • Scientific Name: Camassia leichtlinii
  • Family:  Asparagaceae
  • Common Names: great camas, large camas
  • Codon: CAMLEI

Photo by Rod Gilbert, 2005. Also featured on Main Page

Taxonomy

Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Subkingdom: Viridiplantae
Phylum: Tracheophyta
Subphylum: Spermatophytina
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Asparagales
Family: Asparagaceae
Genus: Camassia Lindl.
Species: Camassia leichtlinii (Baker) S. Watson

[1]

Description

General: Scapose perennial from a deep-seated bulb, the scape 3-5 dm. tall. Leaves: Leaves several, all basal, up to 6 dm. long and mostly 7-20 mm. broad. Flowers: Inflorescence a raceme, 1-2 dm. long at flowering, longer in fruit; pedicels 10-40 mm. long, ascending in fruit; flowers light to deep blue-violet; tepals 6, distinct, alike, 2.5-3.5 cm. long and 5-10 mm. broad, twisting above the ovary and covering it; stamens 6, style slender, stigmas 3. Fruit: Capsule 3-celled, 15-25 mm. long.[2]

Bloom Period

April - May[2]

Habitat

Ecological Setting-Meadows, prairies and hillsides where moist, at least in early spring. Vernally moist meadows in the lowland zone [3] Grassy slopes and meadows[4] Soil Texture-Enjoys heavy loam mixes, but tolerant of other soil types. Needs moisture during growing season. Grows well in heavy clay soils. Prefers a rather heavy loam that has plenty of moisture in spring but does not remain wet over the winter. Nutrients-Nitrogen-rich soils [5] Moisture Regime Moist soil – dislikes dry soils Shade Tolerance Prefers full sun but tolerates partial shade Successional Status-Early

Distribution

West of the Cascades, British Columbia to California.[2]

Uses

Wildlife-Bees use this plant Landscaping-A very ornamental plant[6], there are many named varieties. Use in meadows, grassy slopes and banks. Showy bloom with attractive seed heads. Very tough plant for exposed, hot dry sites once established (S. Bastin, personal communication). Use in containers or along pond edges (B. Costanzo, personal communication). First Nation-the bulb is about 3cm in diameter and can be eaten raw or cooked. It is a good substitute for a potatoe. The cooked bulb can also be dried for later use or ground into a powder and used as a thickener in soups or as an additive to cereal flours when making bread, cakes etc. The bulbs can be boiled down to make a molasses, this was used on festival occasions by various Indian tribes. One report says that the bulbs contain inulin (a starch that cannot be digested by humans) but that this breaks down when the bulb is cooked slowly to form the sugar fructose which is sweet and easily digested.[7] Other-This species can be confused with certain poisonous bulbs in the genus Zigadenus.[6]

Propagation

A very easily grown plant, it succeeds in almost any soil and is tolerant of considerable neglect once it is established. Plants often self-sow. Plants can be naturalized in damp grass, this should not be trimmed until mid to late summer when the bulbs have flowered and the leaves have died down. Plant the bulbs 7 - 10cm deep in early autumn and then leave undisturbed. The bulbs should be planted about 20cm deep.[8]

Seeds are best sown as soon as they are ripe in a cold frame and can also be sown in a cold frame in spring. It usually germinates in 1 - 6 months at 15°c, but it can be erratic. Sow the seed thinly so that it does not need to be thinned and allow the seedlings to grow on undisturbed for their first year. Give an occasional liquid feed to ensure that the plants do not become nutrient deficient.[8]

Seed Storage-Store in a cool, dry place.

Fruit/Seed Dormancy and Treatment-then the plants are dormant in late summer, pot up the small bulbs putting 2 - 3 bulbs in each pot. Grow them on for another one or two years in a cold frame before planting them out when dormant in late summer. Offsets in late summer. The bulb has to be scored in order to produce offsets.

Camassia leichtlinii, photo Lisa Hintz

Seed

Seed sample from: 2011

Average Measurement: 3.3 x 2.2 x 2.1

Measurement Range: L: 3 - 3.75, W: 2 - 2.5, D: 1.75 - 2.25

Features

Shape: Seed are narrower at hilum end, rounding off at opposite side. Hilum end ranges from tapered to pointy in shape.

Color: Seeds black, with conspicuous white hilum.

Surface: A wrinkled seam runs from hilum down the length of the seed in most. Seed is glossy, and wrinkled or bumpy.

Latitudinal Cross Section: elliptical Calei-ell.png

Longitudinal Cross Section: obovate Calei-obovate.png


Camassia leichtlinii, photo Lisa Hintz


Basic Explanations and Assumptions:

The dimensions for the seeds are length x width x depth. The location of the hilum is used as the base of the seed, and the length is measured from hilum to the opposite apex. Where a style is present, the length is measured from the hilum to the bottom of the style. Width is measured at a right angle to the length at the widest part. Depth is measured at a right angle to the intersection of height and width lines.

Measurements included are the mean average for each measurement of ten separate seeds.

All measurements in millimeters unless otherwise noted.

Photo Gallery

References

  1. Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved from https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=42880
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 WTU Herbarium, Burke Museum, & University of Washington. Retrieved from http://biology.burke.washington.edu/herbarium/imagecollection/taxon.php?Taxon=Camassia%20leichtlinii
  3. (Douglas et al., 2001).
  4. (Pojar and Mackinnon, 1994).
  5. (Klinka et al., 1989).
  6. 6.0 6.1 USDA.gov
  7. Turner. N. J. (1995). Food Plants of Coastal First Peoples. Vancouver: UBC Press.
  8. 8.0 8.1 Plants for a Future. Retrieved from https://pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Camassia+leichtlinii