Campanula rotundifolia

From Puget Prairie Plants
  • Scientific Name: Campanula rotundifolia
  • Family: Campanulaceae
  • Common Names: bluebell-of-scotland, bluebell, roundleaf harebell
  • Codon: CAMROT

Photo by Rod Gilbert, 2007. Also featured on Main Page

Taxonomy

Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Subkingdom: Viridiplantae
Phylum: Tracheophyta
Subphylum: Spermatophytina
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Asterales
Family: Campanulaceae
Genus: Campanula L.
Species: Campanula rotundifolia L.
Synonyms
  • Campanula rotundifolia var. velutina A. DC.
  • Campanula heterodoxa Vest ex Schult.

[1]

Description

Perennial, typically glabrous, rhizomatous herb growing from a taproot, up to 80 cm tall with bluish purple flowers.[2] Leaves entire;[3] basal leaves long petiolate,[3] round to broadly ovate;[4] cauline leaves alternate, linear, to 8 cm long.[2] Inflorescences racemose.[4] Flowers radially symmetrical,[3] calyx lobes 5, linear;[2] corolla campanulate, bluish purple, 5-lobed;[3] stamens 5; ovary inferior, becoming nodding 3-celled capsule, 4-8 mm long.[2]

Bloom Period

June - September[2]

Distribution

Widely distributed throughout Washington; circumboreal.[2]

Habitat

Open, rocky areas across altitudes[2] with sandy, well-drained soils.[5]

Uses

First Nations - Use by a number of different tribes as heart and ear medicine, and as a fumigant for eye medicine. Navajo use as spiritual medicine for protection.[6]

Wildlife - Attracts Butterflies, moths, birds, and bees.[7]

Propagation

SEED PROPAGATION

For best results, seeds should be sown inside and not covered after sowing. They should be bottom-watered. These seedlings will germinate quickly but will not flower until the second year. Root cuttings or stem cuttings stuck in damp sand are other propagation methods useful for this species.[8]

FloweringTime June- Sept
Seed CollectionTime Late July through mid-Sept.
Crop Intervals Perennial

Fruit/Seed Dormancy and Treatment:No treatment. Seeds may need light for good germination.

Seed

Seed sample from: 2011

Average Measurement: 1 x 0.4 x 0.2

Measurement Range: L: 1 - 1.1, W: 0.3 - 0.5, D: 0.2 - 0.3

Photo by Lisa Hintz

Features

Shape: Seeds tapering slightly at hilium end and opposite apex.

Color: Hilium and opposite end are dark brown. The rest of the seed is light brown.

Surface:Seeds longitudinally striate and glossy.


Latitudinal Cross Section: elliptical CARO lat.png

Longitudinal Cross Section: elliptical CARO long.png

Basic Explanations and Assumptions:

The dimensions for the seeds are length x width x depth. The location of the hilum is used as the base of the seed, and the length is measured from hilum to the opposite apex. Where a style is present, the length is measured from the hilum to the bottom of the style. Width is measured at a right angle to the length at the widest part. Depth is measured at a right angle to the intersection of height and width lines.

Measurements included are the mean average for each measurement of ten separate seeds.

All measurements in millimeters unless otherwise noted.

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References

  1. Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved from https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=34497
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 WTU Herbarium, Burke Museum, & University of Washington. Retrieved from http://biology.burke.washington.edu/herbarium/imagecollection/taxon.php?Taxon=Campanula%20rotundifolia
  3. 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Hitchcock, C. L., Cronquist, A., Giblin, D., & Legler, B. et al. (2018). Flora of the Pacific Northwest: an illustrated manual. Seattle: University of Washington Press. p. 515.
  4. 4.0 4.1 Bowcutt, F., & Hamman, S. (2016). Vascular Plants of the South Sound Prairies. p. 80.
  5. Plants for a Future. Retrieved from https://pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Campanula+rotundifolia
  6. Native American Ethnobotany Database. Retrieved from http://naeb.brit.org/uses/search/?string=Campanula+rotundifolia
  7. Washington Native Plant Society. Retrieved from https://www.wnps.org/component/rsdirectory/entry/view/69-campanula-rotundifolia&highlight=WyJjYW1wYW51bGEiLCJyb3R1bmRpZm9saWEiLCJjYW1wYW51bGEgcm90dW5kaWZvbGlhIl0=
  8. Native Plants of North America. Retrieved from https://www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=caro2