Difference between revisions of "Campanula rotundifolia"

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* Scientific Name: ''Campanula'' ''rotundifolia''
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* Family: Campanulaceae
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* Common Names: bluebell-of-scotland, bluebell, roundleaf harebell
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* Codon: CAMROT
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----
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[[File:CARO RodGilbert flw 7-2004.jpg |thumb|Photo by Rod Gilbert, 2007. Also featured on Main Page]]
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=== Taxonomy ===
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{{Taxobox
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| name =
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| image =
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| image_alt = Campanula rotundifolia
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| image_caption = Photo by Rod Gilbert, 2007. Also featured on Main Page
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| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
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| subregnum = Viridiplantae
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| phylum = Tracheophyta
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| subphylum= Spermatophytina
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| classis = Magnoliopsida
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| ordo = Asterales
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| familia = Campanulaceae
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| genus = ''Campanula'' L.
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| species = '''''Campanula rotundifolia''''' L.
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| binomial =
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| binomial_authority =
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| synonyms = *''Campanula rotundifolia'' var. ''velutina'' A. DC.
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*''Campanula heterodoxa'' Vest ex Schult.
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}}
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<ref>Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved from https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=34497</ref>
  
 
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===Description===
First overview block:Campanula rotundifolia,,Campanulaceae, Harebell, Bluebell bellflower, Bluebell-of-Scotland
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==Taxonomy==
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==Description==
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General: Perennial herbs with a branched system of rhizomes arising from a taproot, the stems 1-8 dm. tall, usually glabrous.
 
General: Perennial herbs with a branched system of rhizomes arising from a taproot, the stems 1-8 dm. tall, usually glabrous.
 
Leaves: Basal leaves long-petiolate, the blades highly variable, from broadly ovate to cordate-rotund or oblanceolate, entire or toothed, up to 2 cm. long; cauline leaves alternate, fairly numerous, broadly linear, 1.5-8 cm. long.
 
Leaves: Basal leaves long-petiolate, the blades highly variable, from broadly ovate to cordate-rotund or oblanceolate, entire or toothed, up to 2 cm. long; cauline leaves alternate, fairly numerous, broadly linear, 1.5-8 cm. long.
 
Flowers: Flowers several in a lax raceme, erect or nodding on long pedicels; calyx lobes 5, 4-12 mm. long, entire; corolla bell-shaped, blue, 1.5-3 cm. long, the 5 lobes much shorter than the tube; stamens 5, free from the corolla; style nearly equaling the corolla; ovary inferior.
 
Flowers: Flowers several in a lax raceme, erect or nodding on long pedicels; calyx lobes 5, 4-12 mm. long, entire; corolla bell-shaped, blue, 1.5-3 cm. long, the 5 lobes much shorter than the tube; stamens 5, free from the corolla; style nearly equaling the corolla; ovary inferior.
Fruit: Capsule 3-celled, nodding, broadly obconic, 4-8 mm. long.
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Fruit: Capsule 3-celled, nodding, broadly obconic, 4-8 mm. long.<ref name=":0">WTU
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Herbarium, Burke Museum, & University of Washington. Retrieved from http://biology.burke.washington.edu/herbarium/imagecollection/taxon.php?Taxon=Campanula%20rotundifolia</ref>
  
Description 2:
 
 
A delicate perennial with graceful, slender stems, usually in clusters, rising in height from 4-15 in. The stems can be weak so that the entire plant bends over. Its rounded, basal leaves wither early while the narrow, stem leaves remain. Blue-violet bell-shaped flowers hang singly or in clusters along the top parts of nodding, thread-like, mostly unbranched stems that grow in small patches. The nodding, bell-shaped, lavender flowers are borne in loose clusters at stem tips.  
 
A delicate perennial with graceful, slender stems, usually in clusters, rising in height from 4-15 in. The stems can be weak so that the entire plant bends over. Its rounded, basal leaves wither early while the narrow, stem leaves remain. Blue-violet bell-shaped flowers hang singly or in clusters along the top parts of nodding, thread-like, mostly unbranched stems that grow in small patches. The nodding, bell-shaped, lavender flowers are borne in loose clusters at stem tips.  
The genus name, from the Latin campana (bell), means little bell. The name Harebell may allude to an association with witches, who were believed able to transform themselves into hares, portents of bad luck when they crossed a persons path. In Scotland, another old name for this plant was Witches Thimble. The characteristics of this perennial vary considerably, depending on habitat conditions. Among other common species are the Southern Harebell (C. divaricata), with wider leaves and smaller, white or pale lavender flowers, typical of wet, grassy meadows. The common garden Bellflower (C. rapunculoides), which frequently escapes from cultivation, has flowers usually borne on one side of the stems and lanceolate or heart-shaped leaves.  
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The genus name, from the Latin campana (bell), means little bell. The name Harebell may allude to an association with witches, who were believed able to transform themselves into hares, portents of bad luck when they crossed a persons path. In Scotland, another old name for this plant was Witches Thimble. The characteristics of this perennial vary considerably, depending on habitat conditions. Among other common species are the Southern Harebell (<ref>C. divaricata</ref>), with wider leaves and smaller, white or pale lavender flowers, typical of wet, grassy meadows. The common garden Bellflower (<ref>C. rapunculoides</ref>), which frequently escapes from cultivation, has flowers usually borne on one side of the stems and lanceolate or heart-shaped leaves.  
  
==Bloom Period==
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===Bloom Period===
==Distribution==
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June - September<ref name=":0" />
Widely distributed throughout Washington; circumboreal.
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===Distribution===
==Habitat==
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Widely distributed throughout Washington; circumboreal.<ref name=":0" />
Ecological Setting-Open, rocky areas from low elevations to the sub-alpine.
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===Habitat===
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Ecological Setting-Open, rocky areas from low elevations to the sub-alpine.<ref name=":0" />
 
Soil Texture-Sandy, well-drained soils
 
Soil Texture-Sandy, well-drained soils
 
Moisture Regime-Dry soils
 
Moisture Regime-Dry soils
 
Shade Tolerance-Mostly shade intolerant
 
Shade Tolerance-Mostly shade intolerant
Successional Status-Early
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Successional Status-Early<ref>Plants for a Future. Retrieved from https://pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Campanula+rotundifolia</ref>
  
==Uses==
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===Uses===
  
 
Wildlife-Attracts hummingbirds. Bumblebees and swallowtail butterflies visit the campanula flowers
 
Wildlife-Attracts hummingbirds. Bumblebees and swallowtail butterflies visit the campanula flowers
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Other-Leaves may be eaten raw or cooked.
 
Other-Leaves may be eaten raw or cooked.
  
==Propagation==
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===Propagation===
  
 
SEED PROPAGATION
 
SEED PROPAGATION
  
For best results, seeds should be sown inside and not covered after sowing. They should be bottom-watered. These seedlings will germinate quickly but will not flower until the second year. Root cuttings or stem cuttings stuck in damp sand are other propagation methods useful for this species.
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For best results, seeds should be sown inside and not covered after sowing. They should be bottom-watered. These seedlings will germinate quickly but will not flower until the second year. Root cuttings or stem cuttings stuck in damp sand are other propagation methods useful for this species.<ref>Native Plants of North America. Retrieved from https://www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=caro2
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</ref>
 
{| border="1"
 
{| border="1"
 
|-
 
|-
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| Perennial
 
| Perennial
 
|}
 
|}
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Fruit/Seed Dormancy and Treatment:No treatment. Seeds may need light for good germination.
  
==Photo Gallery==
 
==References==
 
  
 
===Seed===
 
===Seed===
'''Abbreviation:'''CARO
 
 
 
'''Seed sample from:''' 2011
 
'''Seed sample from:''' 2011
  
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'''Measurement Range:''' L: 1 - 1.1, W: 0.3 - 0.5, D: 0.2 - 0.3
 
'''Measurement Range:''' L: 1 - 1.1, W: 0.3 - 0.5, D: 0.2 - 0.3
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[[File:CARO CNLMvol sd 2012.jpg|thumb|250px|Photo by Lisa Hintz]]
  
 
====Features====
 
====Features====
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'''Longitudinal Cross Section:''' elliptical [[File:CARO long.png]]
 
'''Longitudinal Cross Section:''' elliptical [[File:CARO long.png]]
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{{Basics}}
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===Photo Gallery===
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<gallery>
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File: CAMROT2.jpg|Photo by Ray Izumi, 2009
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File:CARO CNLMvol sdh 7-2007.jpg|Photo by CNLM volunteer, 2007. Courtesy of CNLM
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File:CAMROT3.jpg|Courtesy of CNLM, example of highly variable basal leaf morphology
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File:CAMROT4.jpg|Courtesy of CNLM, example of highly variable basal leaf morphology
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File:CAMROT5.jpg|Courtesy of CNLM, example of highly variable basal leaf morphology
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File:CAMROT6.jpg|Courtesy of CNLM, example of highly variable basal leaf morphology
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</gallery>
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===References===
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<references />

Revision as of 12:48, 25 March 2021

  • Scientific Name: Campanula rotundifolia
  • Family: Campanulaceae
  • Common Names: bluebell-of-scotland, bluebell, roundleaf harebell
  • Codon: CAMROT

Photo by Rod Gilbert, 2007. Also featured on Main Page

Taxonomy

Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Subkingdom: Viridiplantae
Phylum: Tracheophyta
Subphylum: Spermatophytina
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Asterales
Family: Campanulaceae
Genus: Campanula L.
Species: Campanula rotundifolia L.
Synonyms
  • Campanula rotundifolia var. velutina A. DC.
  • Campanula heterodoxa Vest ex Schult.

[1]

Description

General: Perennial herbs with a branched system of rhizomes arising from a taproot, the stems 1-8 dm. tall, usually glabrous. Leaves: Basal leaves long-petiolate, the blades highly variable, from broadly ovate to cordate-rotund or oblanceolate, entire or toothed, up to 2 cm. long; cauline leaves alternate, fairly numerous, broadly linear, 1.5-8 cm. long. Flowers: Flowers several in a lax raceme, erect or nodding on long pedicels; calyx lobes 5, 4-12 mm. long, entire; corolla bell-shaped, blue, 1.5-3 cm. long, the 5 lobes much shorter than the tube; stamens 5, free from the corolla; style nearly equaling the corolla; ovary inferior. Fruit: Capsule 3-celled, nodding, broadly obconic, 4-8 mm. long.[2]

A delicate perennial with graceful, slender stems, usually in clusters, rising in height from 4-15 in. The stems can be weak so that the entire plant bends over. Its rounded, basal leaves wither early while the narrow, stem leaves remain. Blue-violet bell-shaped flowers hang singly or in clusters along the top parts of nodding, thread-like, mostly unbranched stems that grow in small patches. The nodding, bell-shaped, lavender flowers are borne in loose clusters at stem tips. The genus name, from the Latin campana (bell), means little bell. The name Harebell may allude to an association with witches, who were believed able to transform themselves into hares, portents of bad luck when they crossed a persons path. In Scotland, another old name for this plant was Witches Thimble. The characteristics of this perennial vary considerably, depending on habitat conditions. Among other common species are the Southern Harebell ([3]), with wider leaves and smaller, white or pale lavender flowers, typical of wet, grassy meadows. The common garden Bellflower ([4]), which frequently escapes from cultivation, has flowers usually borne on one side of the stems and lanceolate or heart-shaped leaves.

Bloom Period

June - September[2]

Distribution

Widely distributed throughout Washington; circumboreal.[2]

Habitat

Ecological Setting-Open, rocky areas from low elevations to the sub-alpine.[2] Soil Texture-Sandy, well-drained soils Moisture Regime-Dry soils Shade Tolerance-Mostly shade intolerant Successional Status-Early[5]

Uses

Wildlife-Attracts hummingbirds. Bumblebees and swallowtail butterflies visit the campanula flowers Landscaping-Harebell is easily cultured and does well in a variety of sites including rock gardens. Flowers are long lasting. First Nations-Used by a number of different tribes as a ceremonial fumigant Other-Leaves may be eaten raw or cooked.

Propagation

SEED PROPAGATION

For best results, seeds should be sown inside and not covered after sowing. They should be bottom-watered. These seedlings will germinate quickly but will not flower until the second year. Root cuttings or stem cuttings stuck in damp sand are other propagation methods useful for this species.[6]

FloweringTime June- Sept
Seed CollectionTime Late July through mid-Sept.
Crop Intervals Perennial

Fruit/Seed Dormancy and Treatment:No treatment. Seeds may need light for good germination.


Seed

Seed sample from: 2011

Average Measurement: 1 x 0.4 x 0.2

Measurement Range: L: 1 - 1.1, W: 0.3 - 0.5, D: 0.2 - 0.3

Photo by Lisa Hintz

Features

Shape: Seeds tapering slightly at hilium end and opposite apex.

Color: Hilium and opposite end are dark brown. The rest of the seed is light brown.

Surface:Seeds longitudinally striate and glossy.


Latitudinal Cross Section: elliptical CARO lat.png

Longitudinal Cross Section: elliptical CARO long.png

Basic Explanations and Assumptions:

The dimensions for the seeds are length x width x depth. The location of the hilum is used as the base of the seed, and the length is measured from hilum to the opposite apex. Where a style is present, the length is measured from the hilum to the bottom of the style. Width is measured at a right angle to the length at the widest part. Depth is measured at a right angle to the intersection of height and width lines.

Measurements included are the mean average for each measurement of ten separate seeds.

All measurements in millimeters unless otherwise noted.

Photo Gallery

References

  1. Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved from https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=34497
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 WTU Herbarium, Burke Museum, & University of Washington. Retrieved from http://biology.burke.washington.edu/herbarium/imagecollection/taxon.php?Taxon=Campanula%20rotundifolia
  3. C. divaricata
  4. C. rapunculoides
  5. Plants for a Future. Retrieved from https://pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Campanula+rotundifolia
  6. Native Plants of North America. Retrieved from https://www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=caro2