Difference between revisions of "Clarkia amoena"

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'''Common name:''' Farewell-to-spring
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* Scientific Name: ''Clarkia'' ''amoena''
[[File:CLAM RodGilbert flw 5-2007.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Flower]]
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* Family: Onagraceae
'''Abbreviation code (Codon):''' CLAM
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* Common Names: yellow clarkia, farewell to spring
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* Codon: CLAAMO
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----
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[[File:CLAM RodGilbert flw 5-2007.jpg |thumb|Photo by Rod Gilbert, also featured on Main Page]]
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=== Taxonomy===
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{{Taxobox
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| name =
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| image =
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| image_alt = ''Clarkia amoena''
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| image_caption = Photo by Rod Gilbert, also featured on Main Page
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| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
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| subregnum = Viridiplantae
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| phylum = Tracheophyta
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| subphylum= Spermatophytina
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| classis = Magnoliopsida
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| subclassis = Rosanae
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| ordo = Myrtales
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| familia = Onagraceae
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| genus = ''Clarkia '' Pursh
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| species = '''''Clarkia amoena''''' (Lehm.) A. Nelson & J.F. Macbr.
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| binomial =
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| binomial_authority =
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| synonyms =
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}}
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<ref>Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved from https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=27572</ref>
  
==Taxonomy==
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===Description===
*Kingdom         Plantae – Plants <br>
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Herbaceous annual with alternate leaves and erect racemes with few pink to purple flowers, up to 100 cm tall.<ref name=":0">WTU
*Subkingdom         Tracheobionta – Vascular plants  <br>
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Herbarium, Burke Museum, & University of Washington. Retrieved from https://biology.burke.washington.edu/herbarium/imagecollection/taxon.php?Taxon=Clarkia%20amoena</ref> Stems simple or branched,<ref name=":0" /> decumbant to erect, puberulant.<ref name=":1">Jepson Herbarium Online Flora. Retrieved from https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/eflora_display.php?tid=19564</ref> Leaves entire,<ref>Bowcutt, F., & Hamman, S. (2016). ''Vascular Plants of the South Sound Prairies''. p. 92.</ref> linear to lanceolate, to 6 cm long.<ref name=":1" /> Raceme rachis and buds erect.<ref name=":2">Hitchcock, C. L., Cronquist, A., Giblin, D.,
*Superdivision Spermatophyta – Seed plants <br>
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& Legler, B. et al. (2018). ''Flora of the Pacific Northwest: an''
*Division         Magnoliophyta – Flowering plants <br>
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illustrated manual''. Seattle: University of Washington Press. p. 257.''</ref> Flowers 4-merous, regularly symmetrical; calyx 4-lobed, connate; petals 4, pink to purple, often red-spotted in center; stamens 8, of two different lengths; pistil with 4 stigmas, 1-7 mm long,<ref name=":2" /> ovary inferior, 4-celled, becoming a linear capsule 1.5-4.5 cm long.<ref name=":0" />
*Class         Magnoliopsida – Dicotyledons <br>
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*Subclass         Rosidae <br>
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*Order         Myrtales <br>
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*Family         Onagraceae - Evening Primrose family <br>
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*Genus         ''Achillea'' L. – yarrow <br>
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*Species ''A millefolium'' L. – common yarrow
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==Description==
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===Bloom Period===
General: Annual, the stem 1-10 dm. tall, simple or freely-branched.
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May-July<ref name=":0" />
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===Distribution===
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West of the Cascades, occasional from Vancouver Island south to California, where more common.<ref name=":0" />
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===Habitat===
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Dry, low elevation open areas to forests.<ref name=":0" />
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===Uses===
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Miwok have gathered the seeds to grind for food.<ref>Native
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American Ethnobotany Database. Retrieved from http://naeb.brit.org/uses/10112/</ref>
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===Propagation===
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Sow seeds after last frost in cold-winter zones. Where winters are milder, sow seeds late summer through fall. Sow seeds in situ in spring or fall in vented containers in a coldframe, indoors before last frost, or direct sow after last frost. Plant plugs grown from seed.  Germination is easy and it usually takes less than 90 days from seed to flowering plant.  95% germination occurs within the first two weeks after planting seed in a soil-less peat-based media, amended with micronutrients, slow-release fertilizer, and kept at 70 degree days and 50 degree nights. Prefers nutrient poor, well-drained, sandy loams.  Soil should be moist until flowering starts, then it can be quite dry. Seed strains vary in color and habit; some are low and spreading, others tall and erect. Pinch out the central leader to encourage branching and heavy bloom. Do not thin seedlings as crowding encourages blooming. Full or partial sun.<ref>Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center, University of Texas Austin. Retrieved from https://www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=CLAM</ref>
  
Leaves: Leaves alternate, sessile, 2-7 cm. long and 2-6 mm. wide.
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[https://npn.rngr.net/npn/propagation/protocols/onagraceae-clarkia-2803/?searchterm=Clarkia%20amoena Native Plant Network Propagation Protocol]
  
Flowers: Inflorescence of loose, few-flowered, erect racemes; calyx tube 2-10 mm. long, the 4 lobes united and turned to one side; petals 4, not clawed, 1-4 cm. long, pale pink to rose-purple, with carmine spots in the center, obovate to rounded; style 4-parted, the stigmas 1.5-5 mm. long, yellow, linear to oval; stamens 8, of two lengths, shorter than the style; ovary inferior, 4-celled.
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[[File:Clarkia amoena.png|thumb|right|300px|''Clarkia amoena'' seeds <br> Photo Credit Lisa HIntz]]
Fruit: Capsule 4-celled, 1.5-4.5 cm. long, beakless or with a beak several mm. long, straight or curved, linear.
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[[File:Clarkia amoena1.png|thumb|right|300px|''Clarkia amoena'' seeds <br> Photo Credit Lisa HIntz]]
 
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===Seed===
==Bloom Period==
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June to August
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==Distribution==
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West of the Cascades, occasional from Vancouver Island south to California, where more common.
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==Habitat==
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Dry, open to wooded areas, at low elevations.
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==Uses==
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Indigenous Californians sowed Clarkia species and gathered the seeds to grind for food.
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==Propagation==
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Sow seeds after last frost in cold-winter zones. Where winters are milder, sow seeds late summer through fall. Sow seeds in situ in spring or fall in vented containers in a coldframe, indoors before last frost, or direct sow after last frost. Plant plugs grown from seed.  Germination is easy and it usually takes less than 90 days from seed to flowering plant.  95% germination occurs within the first two weeks after planting seed in a soil-less peat-based media, amended with micronutrients, slow-release fertilizer, and kept at 70 degree days and 50 degree nights. Prefers nutrient poor, well-drained, sandy loams.  Soil should be moist until flowering starts, then it can be quite dry. Seed strains vary in color and habit; some are low and spreading, others tall and erect. Pinch out the central leader to encourage branching and heavy bloom. Do not thin seedlings as crowding encourages blooming. Full or partial sun.
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[[File:Clarkia amoena.png|thumb|right|300px|''Clarkia amoena'' seeds </br> Photo Credit Lisa HIntz]]
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[[File:Clarkia amoena1.png|thumb|right|300px|''Clarkia amoena'' seeds </br> Photo Credit Lisa HIntz]]
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===The Seed===
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Seed Sample from 2010
 
Seed Sample from 2010
  
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{{Basics}}
 
{{Basics}}
  
==Photo Gallery==  
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===Photo Gallery===
 
<gallery>
 
<gallery>
File:CLAM RodGilbert flw 6-2011.jpg
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File:CLAM RodGilbert flw 6-2011.jpg| Photo by Rod Gilbert
File:CLAM RodGilbert veg 1-2012.jpg
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File:CLAM RodGilbert veg 1-2012.jpg| Photo by Rod Gilbert
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File:CLAOMO3.jpg|Vegetative growth, courtesy CNLM
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File:CLAOMO2.jpg|Seedlings, courtesy CNLM
 
</gallery>
 
</gallery>
  
==References==
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===References===
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<references />

Latest revision as of 14:09, 28 June 2021

  • Scientific Name: Clarkia amoena
  • Family: Onagraceae
  • Common Names: yellow clarkia, farewell to spring
  • Codon: CLAAMO

Photo by Rod Gilbert, also featured on Main Page

Taxonomy

Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Subkingdom: Viridiplantae
Phylum: Tracheophyta
Subphylum: Spermatophytina
Class: Magnoliopsida
Subclass: Rosanae
Order: Myrtales
Family: Onagraceae
Genus: Clarkia Pursh
Species: Clarkia amoena (Lehm.) A. Nelson & J.F. Macbr.

[1]

Description

Herbaceous annual with alternate leaves and erect racemes with few pink to purple flowers, up to 100 cm tall.[2] Stems simple or branched,[2] decumbant to erect, puberulant.[3] Leaves entire,[4] linear to lanceolate, to 6 cm long.[3] Raceme rachis and buds erect.[5] Flowers 4-merous, regularly symmetrical; calyx 4-lobed, connate; petals 4, pink to purple, often red-spotted in center; stamens 8, of two different lengths; pistil with 4 stigmas, 1-7 mm long,[5] ovary inferior, 4-celled, becoming a linear capsule 1.5-4.5 cm long.[2]

Bloom Period

May-July[2]

Distribution

West of the Cascades, occasional from Vancouver Island south to California, where more common.[2]

Habitat

Dry, low elevation open areas to forests.[2]

Uses

Miwok have gathered the seeds to grind for food.[6]

Propagation

Sow seeds after last frost in cold-winter zones. Where winters are milder, sow seeds late summer through fall. Sow seeds in situ in spring or fall in vented containers in a coldframe, indoors before last frost, or direct sow after last frost. Plant plugs grown from seed. Germination is easy and it usually takes less than 90 days from seed to flowering plant. 95% germination occurs within the first two weeks after planting seed in a soil-less peat-based media, amended with micronutrients, slow-release fertilizer, and kept at 70 degree days and 50 degree nights. Prefers nutrient poor, well-drained, sandy loams. Soil should be moist until flowering starts, then it can be quite dry. Seed strains vary in color and habit; some are low and spreading, others tall and erect. Pinch out the central leader to encourage branching and heavy bloom. Do not thin seedlings as crowding encourages blooming. Full or partial sun.[7]

Native Plant Network Propagation Protocol

Clarkia amoena seeds
Photo Credit Lisa HIntz
Clarkia amoena seeds
Photo Credit Lisa HIntz

Seed

Seed Sample from 2010

Features

Measurement average: 1.4 x 1.1 x 0.7

Measurement Range: L: 1.1 – 2, W: 0.75 – 1.1, D: 0.5 – 0.8

Latitudinal Cross Section: irregularly angular Longitudinal Cross Section: irregularly angular

Shape: Seeds angular, somewhat rhombic in shape, but very irregular. Hilum inconspicuous.

Color: Brown

Surface: Seed fuzzy, and appears scaly or pitted where fuzziness is sparse.

Basic Explanations and Assumptions:

The dimensions for the seeds are length x width x depth. The location of the hilum is used as the base of the seed, and the length is measured from hilum to the opposite apex. Where a style is present, the length is measured from the hilum to the bottom of the style. Width is measured at a right angle to the length at the widest part. Depth is measured at a right angle to the intersection of height and width lines.

Measurements included are the mean average for each measurement of ten separate seeds.

All measurements in millimeters unless otherwise noted.

Photo Gallery

References

  1. Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved from https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=27572
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 WTU Herbarium, Burke Museum, & University of Washington. Retrieved from https://biology.burke.washington.edu/herbarium/imagecollection/taxon.php?Taxon=Clarkia%20amoena
  3. 3.0 3.1 Jepson Herbarium Online Flora. Retrieved from https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/eflora_display.php?tid=19564
  4. Bowcutt, F., & Hamman, S. (2016). Vascular Plants of the South Sound Prairies. p. 92.
  5. 5.0 5.1 Hitchcock, C. L., Cronquist, A., Giblin, D., & Legler, B. et al. (2018). Flora of the Pacific Northwest: an illustrated manual. Seattle: University of Washington Press. p. 257.
  6. Native American Ethnobotany Database. Retrieved from http://naeb.brit.org/uses/10112/
  7. Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center, University of Texas Austin. Retrieved from https://www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=CLAM