Difference between revisions of "Gilia capitata"

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* Common Names: bluehead gilia, globe gilia
 
* Common Names: bluehead gilia, globe gilia
 
* Codon: GILCAP  
 
* Codon: GILCAP  
[[File:GICA GaryAMonroe veg good.jpg|thumb|250px|right|''Gilia capitata'' growth habit]]
 
 
 
===Taxonomy===
 
===Taxonomy===
 
----
 
----
*Kingdom: Plantae <br>
 
*(unranked): Angiosperms <br>
 
*(unranked): Eudicots <br>
 
*(unranked): Asterids <br>
 
*Order: Ericales <br>
 
*Family: Polemoniaceae <br>
 
*Genus: Gilia <br>
 
*Species: G. capitata <br>
 
  
===Description===
+
=== Description ===
----
+
Annual herb from a taproot.<ref name=":0">Hitchcock, C. L., Cronquist, A., Giblin, D., & Legler,
*General: Erect, slender, sparingly-branched annual, the glabrous to stipitate-glandular stem 1.5-10 dm. tall.
+
B. et al. (2018). ''Flora of the Pacific Northwest: an illustrated manual''.
 +
Seattle: University of Washington Press.</ref>
  
*Leaves: Leaves basal and cauline, the lower bipinnatifid with slender rachis and narrow ultimate segments; reduced upward and becoming pinnatifid.
+
Leaves pinnately lobed, segments and rachis slender, reduced upwards on stem.<ref name=":0" /> Leaf axils and midribs generally hairy.<ref name=":1">Klinkenberg, Brian. (Editor) 2020. ''E-Flora BC: Electronic Atlas of the Plants of''
 +
British Columbia'' [eflora.bc.ca]. Lab for Advanced Spatial Analysis,''
 +
Department of Geography, University of British Columbia, Vancouver. [Accessed:
 +
2020-06-08 12:03:17 PM ]</ref>
  
*Flowers: Flowers sessile in dense, 50- to 100-flowered heads terminating the stem and branches; corolla bluish, 6-10 mm. long, the 5 slender lobes about equaling the tube; calyx with prominent translucent intervals between the 5 herbaceous segments; filaments inserted in the sinuses of the corolla, about equal to the lobes; style 3-parted; ovary superior.
+
Inflorescence terminal, spheric, consisting of many unstalked flowers, generally more than 8 per head, corolla bluish.<ref name=":0" /> Corolla lobes 5, generally about as long as the corolla tube. 5 sepals, membranes white, expanded during fruiting.<ref name=":1" /> Stamens equal as long as or slightly exserted from corolla lobes.<ref name=":0" />
 
+
*Fruit: Capsules with 3 carpels, each with 2, 3 or 0 seeds; become mucilaginous when wet.
+
  
 +
Fruits are 3-chambered capsules, each bearing 1-3 seeds.<ref name=":1" />
 +
----
 
===Bloom Period===
 
===Bloom Period===
 
----
 
----
May, June, July
+
May, June, July<ref>WTU Herbarium, Burke Museum,
 +
& University of Washington. Retrieved from <nowiki>https://biology.burke.washington.edu/herbarium/imagecollection/photo.php?Photo=wtu057502&Taxon=Gilia%20capitata&SourcePage=taxon</nowiki></ref>
  
 
===Distribution===
 
===Distribution===
 
----
 
----
More common west of the Cascade summits,Vancouver Island, British Columbia, to California, east to Idaho
+
Mostly west Cascades, southern BC to California occasionally east to western Idaho.<ref name=":0" />
  
 
===Habitat===
 
===Habitat===
 
----
 
----
Fairly common in dry to moist open meadows, rock outcrops, rocky slopes, clearings, and roadsides, at low to middle elevation; escaped from cultivation and established in a few places in southeast Alaska
+
Found in open places below 7,000 ft. elevation. West-side forest, meadow, and east-side forest.
 +
Grows in open, sandy, or rocky soils, and grassy hillsides.<ref name=":2">Middleton, Kelsey G. (2011, May 19).
 +
''Plant Propagation Protocol for Gilia capitiata''. UW Courses: ESRM 412 –
 +
Native Plant Production.</ref>
  
 
===Uses===
 
===Uses===
 
----
 
----
Unknown human uses
+
Payómkawichum use of seeds as food.<ref>Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians,
 +
University of California Publications in American Archaeology and
 +
Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 230. Retrieved from http://naeb.brit.org/uses/search/?string=gilia+capitata</ref>
 +
 
 +
Rich nectar source.
  
 
===Propagation===
 
===Propagation===
 
----
 
----
Seeds may be sown from autumn to early spring, but germination is better when planted with autumn rains. Self-sows readily
+
Seeds do not require pre-treatment but germination improved by the presence of charred wood or aqueous extracts of it.<ref name=":2" />
  
 
===Seed===
 
===Seed===
Line 55: Line 57:
  
 
====Features====
 
====Features====
 
+
[[File:GICA LisaHintz sd 2012.jpg|thumb|Photo by Lisa Hintz]]
 
'''Shape:''' Seed narrow at hilium end, broadening at opposite apex. Hilium inconspicuous. Uniformity in shape is not that common, but most seeds take a relatively teardrop shaped.  
 
'''Shape:''' Seed narrow at hilium end, broadening at opposite apex. Hilium inconspicuous. Uniformity in shape is not that common, but most seeds take a relatively teardrop shaped.  
 
[[File:GICA DennisPlank sd good.jpg|250px|thumb|right|GICA seeds. <br> Photo by Dennis Plank]]
 
  
 
'''Color:'''  Seed is brown, very bumpy, and slightly lustrous.
 
'''Color:'''  Seed is brown, very bumpy, and slightly lustrous.
Line 70: Line 70:
 
'''Longitudinal Cross Section:''' obovate  [[File:GICA long.png]]
 
'''Longitudinal Cross Section:''' obovate  [[File:GICA long.png]]
  
===References===
+
{{Basics}}
 
----
 
----
<references />
 
[http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=GICA5| USDA plant profile] <br>
 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilia_capitata| GICA Wikipedia] <br>
 
[http://biology.burke.washington.edu/herbarium/imagecollection.php| Burke Herbarium] <br>
 
[http://www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=GICA5| Wildflower.org] <br>
 
MacKinnon, Andy, and Jim Pojar. Plants of the Pacific Northwest coast. Lone Pine Pub, 2004. Print.
 
<references />
 
{{Basics}}
 
 
===Photo Gallery===
 
===Photo Gallery===
----
 
 
<gallery>
 
<gallery>
File:GICA GaryAMonroe flw good.jpg
+
File:GILCAP2.jpg|Photo by Ben Legler, 2004
File:GICA LisaHintz sd 2012.jpg
+
File:GICA WildflowerCenterStaff sdl good.jpg
+
File:GICA SpencerAlexander sdl 2012.JPG
+
 
</gallery>
 
</gallery>
 +
 +
=== References ===
 +
----
 +
<references />

Revision as of 09:43, 11 June 2020

  • Latin Name: Gilia capitata
  • Family: Polemoniaceae
  • Common Names: bluehead gilia, globe gilia
  • Codon: GILCAP

Taxonomy


Description

Annual herb from a taproot.[1]

Leaves pinnately lobed, segments and rachis slender, reduced upwards on stem.[1] Leaf axils and midribs generally hairy.[2]

Inflorescence terminal, spheric, consisting of many unstalked flowers, generally more than 8 per head, corolla bluish.[1] Corolla lobes 5, generally about as long as the corolla tube. 5 sepals, membranes white, expanded during fruiting.[2] Stamens equal as long as or slightly exserted from corolla lobes.[1]

Fruits are 3-chambered capsules, each bearing 1-3 seeds.[2]


Bloom Period


May, June, July[3]

Distribution


Mostly west Cascades, southern BC to California occasionally east to western Idaho.[1]

Habitat


Found in open places below 7,000 ft. elevation. West-side forest, meadow, and east-side forest. Grows in open, sandy, or rocky soils, and grassy hillsides.[4]

Uses


Payómkawichum use of seeds as food.[5]

Rich nectar source.

Propagation


Seeds do not require pre-treatment but germination improved by the presence of charred wood or aqueous extracts of it.[4]

Seed


Seed sample from: 2011

Average Measurement: 1.7 x 1.1 x 0.7

Measurement Range: L: 1.2 – 2, W: 0.75 – 1.4, D: 0.5 – 1.1

Features

Photo by Lisa Hintz

Shape: Seed narrow at hilium end, broadening at opposite apex. Hilium inconspicuous. Uniformity in shape is not that common, but most seeds take a relatively teardrop shaped.

Color: Seed is brown, very bumpy, and slightly lustrous.

Surface: Seed coat becomes very mucilaginous and stringy when wet.

Could be confused with COGRX, but GICA is about ½ the size and does not have sulcus.

Latitudinal Cross Section: elliptical GICA lat.png

Longitudinal Cross Section: obovate GICA long.png

Basic Explanations and Assumptions:

The dimensions for the seeds are length x width x depth. The location of the hilum is used as the base of the seed, and the length is measured from hilum to the opposite apex. Where a style is present, the length is measured from the hilum to the bottom of the style. Width is measured at a right angle to the length at the widest part. Depth is measured at a right angle to the intersection of height and width lines.

Measurements included are the mean average for each measurement of ten separate seeds.

All measurements in millimeters unless otherwise noted.


Photo Gallery

References


  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Hitchcock, C. L., Cronquist, A., Giblin, D., & Legler, B. et al. (2018). Flora of the Pacific Northwest: an illustrated manual. Seattle: University of Washington Press.
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 Klinkenberg, Brian. (Editor) 2020. E-Flora BC: Electronic Atlas of the Plants of British Columbia [eflora.bc.ca]. Lab for Advanced Spatial Analysis, Department of Geography, University of British Columbia, Vancouver. [Accessed: 2020-06-08 12:03:17 PM ]
  3. WTU Herbarium, Burke Museum, & University of Washington. Retrieved from https://biology.burke.washington.edu/herbarium/imagecollection/photo.php?Photo=wtu057502&Taxon=Gilia%20capitata&SourcePage=taxon
  4. 4.0 4.1 Middleton, Kelsey G. (2011, May 19). Plant Propagation Protocol for Gilia capitiata. UW Courses: ESRM 412 – Native Plant Production.
  5. Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 230. Retrieved from http://naeb.brit.org/uses/search/?string=gilia+capitata