Difference between revisions of "Lupinus albicaulis"

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* Family: Fabaceae
 
* Family: Fabaceae
 
* Common Names: sicklekeel lupine
 
* Common Names: sicklekeel lupine
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* Synonyms/Misapplications: ''L. albicaulis'' var. ''albicaulis, L. falcifer, L. quercetorum, L. wolfianus''
 
* Codon: LUPALB  
 
* Codon: LUPALB  
[[File:LUAL CNLMvol flw 2008.JPG|thumb|250px|right|]]
 
  
 +
=== Taxonomy ===
 
{{Taxobox
 
{{Taxobox
| image = LUBALB1.jpg
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| image = LUPALB1.jpg
| image_caption = Photo by Rod Gilbert, 2003, also featured on Main Page
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| image_caption = Photo by Rod Gilbert, 2006, also featured on Main Page
 
| name = '''''Lupinus albicaulis'''''
 
| name = '''''Lupinus albicaulis'''''
 
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
 
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
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| subspecies =  
 
| subspecies =  
 
}}
 
}}
 
===Synonyms===
 
 
Lupinus albicaulis Dougl. var. albicaulis
 
 
Lupinus falcifer Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray (pro syn.)
 
 
Lupinus quercetorum Heller
 
 
Lupinus wolfianus C.P. Sm.
 
  
 
===Plant Description===
 
===Plant Description===
  
General:It is a hairy, erect perennial herb often exceeding a meter in height.  
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Native perennial herb.
  
Leaf: Each palmate leaf is made up of 5 to 10 leaflets each up to 7 centimeters long. The inflorescence is up to 44 centimeters long, bearing whorls of flowers each 1 to 1.6 centimeters long.  
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Leaves are palmately compound and composed of 5 to 10 narrowly oblong leaflets, each leaflet up to 7 cm. in size. Stems and both surfaces of leaves are covered in fine, whitish hairs.<ref name=":2">Bowcutt, F., & Hamman, Sarah. (2016). ''Vascular plants''
 +
of the South Sound prairies'' (First ed.). Olympia, Washington: The Evergreen''
 +
State College Press.</ref>
  
Flower: The flower is purple to yellowish or whitish in color and has a sickle-shaped keel.  
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Pappilonaceous flowers vary in color and may be white, yellow, purple, or blue and white. Flowered are whorled in racemes up to 4.5 dm long.<ref name=":2" /> Flowers have an upcurved glabrous keel, with slender wings which expose lower half of keel.<ref name=":0">Hitchcock, C. L., Cronquist, A., Giblin, D., & Legler,
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B. et al. (2018). ''Flora of the Pacific Northwest: an illustrated manual''.
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Seattle: University of Washington Press.</ref>
  
Fruit: The fruit is a silky-hairy legume pod up to 5 centimeters long containing several seeds
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Pods are 2-5 cm, silky.<ref>Teresa Sholars & Rhonda Riggins 2012, ''Lupinus albicaulis'', in Jepson Flora Project (eds.) ''Jepson eFlora'', /eflora/eflora_display.php?tid=76657, accessed on  June 08, 2020</ref>
  
<ref>http://www.pnwflowers.com/flower/lupinus-albicaulis</ref>
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According to ''Flora of the Pacific Northwest,''
 +
"Perennial lupines in North America form a taxonomically difficult group
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in which some species boundaries are blurred by wide-spread interbreeding; not
 +
all plants will readily key."<ref name=":0" />
  
 
===Bloom Period===
 
===Bloom Period===
  
May to July <ref name="Burke">http://biology.burke.washington.edu/herbarium/imagecollection.php?Genus=Lupinus&Species=albicaulis</ref>
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May to July <ref name=":1">WTU Herbarium, Burke Museum,
 +
& University of Washington. Retrieved from <nowiki>https://biology.burke.washington.edu/herbarium/imagecollection/taxon.php?Taxon=Lupinus%20albicaulis</nowiki></ref>
  
 
===Distribution===
 
===Distribution===
  
Chiefly west of the Cascades in Washington; Washington south to California.
+
Puget Trough southwards, along West Cascades in Washington and Oregon, to California and western Nevada.<ref name=":0" />
May to July <ref name="Burke">http://biology.burke.washington.edu/herbarium/imagecollection.php?Genus=Lupinus&Species=albicaulis</ref>
+
  
 
===Habitat===
 
===Habitat===
  
Grasslands and prairies from the lowlands to moderate elevations.<ref name="Burke">http://biology.burke.washington.edu/herbarium/imagecollection.php?Genus=Lupinus&Species=albicaulis</ref>
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Grasslands and prairies from the lowlands to moderate elevations.<ref name=":1" />
  
 
===Uses===
 
===Uses===
 +
Important larval host for several blue butterflies, including Puget Blue.
  
Good for use in soil stabilization in locations of poor soil fertility, and drought, Lupinus albicaulis has the ability to fix nitrogen and grow rapidly.<ref>http://www.sevenoaksnativenursery.com/native-plants/perennials-and-bulbs/lupinus-albicaulis/</ref>
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Because of the capacity to fix nitrogen and grow quickly, ''Lupinus albicaulis'' is useful for soil stabilization and improving soil fertility.<ref>''Lupinus albicaulis''. Sevenoaks Native Nursery. <nowiki>http://www.sevenoaksnativenursery.com/native-plants/perennials-and-bulbs/lupinus-albicaulis/</nowiki>.</ref>
  
Benefits hummingbirds and butterflies (larval host). Low palatability for browsing and grazing animals although small animals use it for cover. Birds eat seeds. Seeds toxic if eaten in large quantities. <ref>http://www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=LUAL3</ref>
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Benefits hummingbirds and butterflies (larval host). Low palatability for browsing and grazing animals although small animals use it for cover. Birds eat seeds. Seeds toxic if eaten in large quantities. <ref>''Plant Database''. Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center - The University of Texas at Austin. (2007). <nowiki>https://www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=LUAL3</nowiki>.</ref>
 
+
===Propagation===
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No stratification needed.  Because of seed shatter, should be windrowed a few days before harvest and rolled on tarps to dry. (6 ft roll of paper).
+
  
 
===Seed===
 
===Seed===
  
[[File:Lupinus albicaulis.jpg|300px|thumb|right|''Lupinus albicaulis'']]
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[[File:Lupinus albicaulis.jpg|300px|thumb|''Lupinus albicaulis,'' photo by Lisa Hintz]]
  
 
'''Seed sample from:''' 2011
 
'''Seed sample from:''' 2011
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'''Measurement Range:''' L: 5 - 6.5, W: 4 - 5, D: 1.5 - 2.5
 
'''Measurement Range:''' L: 5 - 6.5, W: 4 - 5, D: 1.5 - 2.5
  
====Features====  
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====Features====
[[File:LUAL DennisPlank sd good.jpg|thumb|300px|right|]]
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'''Color:'''
 
'''Color:'''
 
Seeds are mostly off-white, tan, or gray with darker brown or tan mottling. Speckles tend to be heavier at seed edges leading to a darkened appearance.  
 
Seeds are mostly off-white, tan, or gray with darker brown or tan mottling. Speckles tend to be heavier at seed edges leading to a darkened appearance.  
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'''Longitudinal Cross Section:''' elliptical [[File:LUAL-long.png]]
 
'''Longitudinal Cross Section:''' elliptical [[File:LUAL-long.png]]
  
 +
{{Basics}}
  
 
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=== Photo Gallery ===
{{Basics}}
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<gallery>
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File:LUPALB1.jpg| Photo by Rod Gilbert, 2006
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File:LUPALB2.jpg|Photo by Rod Gilbert, 2005
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File:LUPALB3.jpg|Photo by Rod Gilbert, 2006
 +
File:LUAL AnitaGoodrich sdl good.jpg| Seedling, photo by Anita Goodrich.
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</gallery>
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{| class="wikitable"
 +
|}
  
 
===References===
 
===References===
 
----
 
----
 
<references />
 
<references />

Revision as of 16:55, 12 June 2020

  • Latin Name: Lupinus albicaulis
  • Family: Fabaceae
  • Common Names: sicklekeel lupine
  • Synonyms/Misapplications: L. albicaulis var. albicaulis, L. falcifer, L. quercetorum, L. wolfianus
  • Codon: LUPALB

Taxonomy

Lupinus albicaulis
Photo by Rod Gilbert, 2006, also featured on Main Page
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Subkingdom: Tracheobionta
Phylum: Spermatophyta
Subphylum: Magnoliophyta
Class: Magnoliopsida
Subclass: Rosanae
Order: Fabales
Family: Fabaceae
Genus: Lupinus L.
Species: Lupinus albicaulis Douglas

Plant Description

Native perennial herb.

Leaves are palmately compound and composed of 5 to 10 narrowly oblong leaflets, each leaflet up to 7 cm. in size. Stems and both surfaces of leaves are covered in fine, whitish hairs.[1]

Pappilonaceous flowers vary in color and may be white, yellow, purple, or blue and white. Flowered are whorled in racemes up to 4.5 dm long.[1] Flowers have an upcurved glabrous keel, with slender wings which expose lower half of keel.[2]

Pods are 2-5 cm, silky.[3]

According to Flora of the Pacific Northwest, "Perennial lupines in North America form a taxonomically difficult group in which some species boundaries are blurred by wide-spread interbreeding; not all plants will readily key."[2]

Bloom Period

May to July [4]

Distribution

Puget Trough southwards, along West Cascades in Washington and Oregon, to California and western Nevada.[2]

Habitat

Grasslands and prairies from the lowlands to moderate elevations.[4]

Uses

Important larval host for several blue butterflies, including Puget Blue.

Because of the capacity to fix nitrogen and grow quickly, Lupinus albicaulis is useful for soil stabilization and improving soil fertility.[5]

Benefits hummingbirds and butterflies (larval host). Low palatability for browsing and grazing animals although small animals use it for cover. Birds eat seeds. Seeds toxic if eaten in large quantities. [6]

Seed

Lupinus albicaulis, photo by Lisa Hintz

Seed sample from: 2011

Average Measurement: 5.7 x 4.4 x 2.1

Measurement Range: L: 5 - 6.5, W: 4 - 5, D: 1.5 - 2.5

Features

Color: Seeds are mostly off-white, tan, or gray with darker brown or tan mottling. Speckles tend to be heavier at seed edges leading to a darkened appearance.

Surface: Seeds smooth and glossy with some concave pitting.

Latitudinal Cross Section: elliptical LUAL-lat.png

Longitudinal Cross Section: elliptical LUAL-long.png

Basic Explanations and Assumptions:

The dimensions for the seeds are length x width x depth. The location of the hilum is used as the base of the seed, and the length is measured from hilum to the opposite apex. Where a style is present, the length is measured from the hilum to the bottom of the style. Width is measured at a right angle to the length at the widest part. Depth is measured at a right angle to the intersection of height and width lines.

Measurements included are the mean average for each measurement of ten separate seeds.

All measurements in millimeters unless otherwise noted.

Photo Gallery

References


  1. 1.0 1.1 Bowcutt, F., & Hamman, Sarah. (2016). Vascular plants of the South Sound prairies (First ed.). Olympia, Washington: The Evergreen State College Press.
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 Hitchcock, C. L., Cronquist, A., Giblin, D., & Legler, B. et al. (2018). Flora of the Pacific Northwest: an illustrated manual. Seattle: University of Washington Press.
  3. Teresa Sholars & Rhonda Riggins 2012, Lupinus albicaulis, in Jepson Flora Project (eds.) Jepson eFlora, /eflora/eflora_display.php?tid=76657, accessed on June 08, 2020
  4. 4.0 4.1 WTU Herbarium, Burke Museum, & University of Washington. Retrieved from https://biology.burke.washington.edu/herbarium/imagecollection/taxon.php?Taxon=Lupinus%20albicaulis
  5. Lupinus albicaulis. Sevenoaks Native Nursery. http://www.sevenoaksnativenursery.com/native-plants/perennials-and-bulbs/lupinus-albicaulis/.
  6. Plant Database. Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center - The University of Texas at Austin. (2007). https://www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=LUAL3.