Difference between revisions of "Perideridia montana"

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[[File:Pega.jpeg|thumb|right|300px| ''Perideridia gairdneri'' <br/> Photo Credit Robert Gilbert]]
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* Latin Name: ''Perideridia'' ''montana''
''Perideridia gairdneri,'' also called Gairdner's yampah, common yampah, or Gardner's yampah is a flowering plant in the carrot family (Apiaceae).  
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* Family: Apiaceae
 
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* Common Names: mountain yampah, Gaidner's yampah
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* Synonyms/Misapplications: ''Perideridia'' ''gairdneri'' (misapplied, Mathias, in previous Flora)'', Atenia'' ''montana, Carum'' ''garrettii, Carum'' ''montanum,'' ''P. g.'' subsp. ''bolanderi''
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* Codon: PERMON
 
==Taxonomy==
 
==Taxonomy==
*Kingdom - Plantae
 
*Subkingdom - Tracheobionta
 
*Superdivision - Spermatophyta
 
*Division - Magnoliophyta
 
*Class -Magnoliopsida
 
*Subclass - Rosidae
 
*Order - Apiales
 
*Family - Apiaceae
 
*Genus - Perideridia
 
*Species - P. gairdneri
 
 
<ref name=The PLANTS Database>USDA, NRCS. 2012. The PLANTS Database (http://plants.usda.gov, 16 April 2012). National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC 27401-4901 USA.</ref>
 
  
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{{Taxobox
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| image = PERMON2.jpg
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| image_caption =Photo by Ron Bockelman, 2011, same photo from Main Page
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| name = '''''Perideridia montana'''''
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| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
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| subregnum = Tracheobionta
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| phylum = Spermatophyta
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| subphylum= Magnoliophyta
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| classis = Magnoliopsida
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| subclassis = Asteranae
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| ordo = Apiales
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| familia = Apiaceae
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| genus = '''''Perideridia''''' Richb.
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| species = '''''Perideridia montana''''' (Blank.) Dorn
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}}
  
 
==Description==
 
==Description==
'''General:''' Slender, glabrous perennial from a tuberous-thickened, edible, usually solitary root, the solitary stem 4-12 dm. tall. </br>
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'''Mature fruits needed for accurate identification.'''
'''Leaves:''' Leaves several, well distributed along the stem, the blade once pinnate or ternate; the ultimate segments elongate and narrow. </br>
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'''Flowers:''' Inflorescence of terminal and 1-several lateral compound umbels, the umbels 2.5-7 cm. wide; rays up to 6 cm. long at maturity; involucre of a few, narrow bracts; involucre of bristly bracelets, or wanting; calyx teeth well developed; flowers white. </br>
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'''Fruit:''' Fruit glabrous, sub-orbicular, 2-3 mm. long and wide, with prominent ribs.
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-cnlm pages
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Glabrous perennial herbs from thickened tuberous edible roots. <ref name=":0" />
  
==Bloom Period==
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Leaves merely once or twice pinnate or ternate, the terminal segments long and narrow.<ref name=":1">Klinkenberg, Brian. (Editor) 2020. ''E-Flora BC: ''
July to August
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                    Electronic Atlas of the Plants of British Columbia'' [eflora.bc.ca]. Lab for Advanced Spatial Analysis, Department of Geography, University of British Columbia, Vancouver. [Accessed:''
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                    2020-06-03 12:05:29 AM
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]</ref>
  
<ref name=Burke>Source: http://biology.burke.washington.edu/herbarium/imagecollection.php</ref>
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Inflorescence compound, spokes up to 6 mm at maturity, involucel bracts mostly setaceous, or absent. Flowers generally 5-7 veined Rays generally 11-16.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" /><ref>Lincoln Constance & Margriet Wetherwax 2012, ''Perideridia gairdneri subsp. borealis'', in Jepson Flora Project (eds.) ''Jepson eFlora'', /eflora/eflora_display.php?tid=52099, accessed on  June 02, 2020.</ref>
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Fruit glabrous, sub-orbicular, 2-3 mm. long and wide, with prominent ribs. <ref name=":2" />
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==Bloom Period==
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July to August<ref name=":2">WTU Herbarium, Burke Museum,
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& University of Washington. Retrieved from <nowiki>https://biology.burke.washington.edu/herbarium/imagecollection/taxon.php?Taxon=Perideridia%20montana</nowiki></ref>
  
 
==Distribution==
 
==Distribution==
Occurs from southern B.C. to southern California and east to Saskatchewan, South Dakota and Colorado
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Southern BC south, on both sides of Cascades, to southern California, east to northern Great Plains, Wyoming and Colorado.<ref name=":0">Hitchcock, C. L., Cronquist, A., Giblin, D., & Legler,
-cnlm pages
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B. et al. (2018). ''Flora of the Pacific Northwest: an illustrated manual''.
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Seattle: University of Washington Press.</ref>
  
 
==Habitat==
 
==Habitat==
 
Perideridia gairdneri prefers well-drained, nitrogen medium soils. It tolerates slightly acid to mildly alkaline soils. It is very shade intolerant. It is a climax species in drier sites, and is found in the meadow communities in Garry oak ecosystems.
 
Perideridia gairdneri prefers well-drained, nitrogen medium soils. It tolerates slightly acid to mildly alkaline soils. It is very shade intolerant. It is a climax species in drier sites, and is found in the meadow communities in Garry oak ecosystems.
Grows from low to middle elevations.  
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Grows from low to middle elevations.<ref name=":1" />
 
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CNLM pages
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==Uses==
 
==Uses==
Roots either eaten boiled or dried and pounded to make a flour with an anise seed-like taste
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Important food plant in many places.
  
<ref name=Pojar> Pojar, MacKinnon 1994</ref>
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Newe use as a food, pit-roasted.
  
Blackfoot Drug (Antidiarrheal) - Infusion of roots taken to counteract cathartic and emetic effects of another infusion.
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Pomo staple food, roots and greens.
  
Blackfoot Drug (Antiemetic) - Infusion of roots taken to counteract cathartic and emetic effects of another infusion.
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Syilx food, eaten raw, boiled or cooked, sliced, dried and mixed with dried, powdered deer meat.<ref>Native American Ethnobotany Database. Retrieved from <nowiki>http://naeb.brit.org/uses/search/?string=Perideridia&page=1</nowiki></ref>
 
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Blackfoot Drug (Breast Treatment) - Infusion of roots used to massage sore breasts with warm stones
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Blackfoot Drug (Cough Medicine) - Infusion of roots or roots chewed for coughs.
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Blackfoot Drug (Cough Medicine)  - Root smudge smoke inhaled for nagging coughs.
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Blackfoot Drug (Dermatological Aid) - Infusion of roots applied to sores and wounds.
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cnlm pages
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==Propagation==
 
==Propagation==
Hand collect seeds in August when seeds have turned brown and are easily stripped off inflorescence into paper bags.
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Store seeds in sealed containers at 5º C. Seed will retain viability for up to five years. Sow seeds in fall and allow natural stratification, or sow stored seeds in the spring after six to eight weeks of cold, moist stratification.
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===The Seed===
 
===The Seed===
[[File:Pega seed.png|thumb|right|300px|''Perideridia gairdneri'' </br> Photo Credit Lisa Hintz]]
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[[File:Pega seed.png|thumb|300px|''Perideridia montana''<br> Photo Credit Lisa Hintz]]
  
Peridendia gairdneri
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Seed sample from 2011  
 
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PEGA
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Seed sample from 2011
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====Features====
 
====Features====
Line 94: Line 85:
 
==Photo Gallery==
 
==Photo Gallery==
 
<gallery>
 
<gallery>
Image:PEGA CNLMvol flw 2007.JPG
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File:PERMON1.jpg| Photo by Ron Bockelman
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File:PERMON4.jpg|seeds, photo by Robert T. George, 2016
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File:PERMON5.jpg|Inflorescence in fruit, photo by Robert T. George, 2016
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File:PERMON6.jpg|Understory with ''P. montana'', photo by Robert T. George, 2016
 
</gallery>
 
</gallery>
 
  
 
==References==
 
==References==
<References/>
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<references />

Revision as of 17:58, 3 June 2020

  • Latin Name: Perideridia montana
  • Family: Apiaceae
  • Common Names: mountain yampah, Gaidner's yampah
  • Synonyms/Misapplications: Perideridia gairdneri (misapplied, Mathias, in previous Flora), Atenia montana, Carum garrettii, Carum montanum, P. g. subsp. bolanderi
  • Codon: PERMON

Taxonomy

Perideridia montana
Photo by Ron Bockelman, 2011, same photo from Main Page
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Subkingdom: Tracheobionta
Phylum: Spermatophyta
Subphylum: Magnoliophyta
Class: Magnoliopsida
Subclass: Asteranae
Order: Apiales
Family: Apiaceae
Genus: Perideridia Richb.
Species: Perideridia montana (Blank.) Dorn

Description

Mature fruits needed for accurate identification.

Glabrous perennial herbs from thickened tuberous edible roots. [1]

Leaves merely once or twice pinnate or ternate, the terminal segments long and narrow.[2]

Inflorescence compound, spokes up to 6 mm at maturity, involucel bracts mostly setaceous, or absent. Flowers generally 5-7 veined Rays generally 11-16.[2][1][3]

Fruit glabrous, sub-orbicular, 2-3 mm. long and wide, with prominent ribs. [4]

Bloom Period

July to August[4]

Distribution

Southern BC south, on both sides of Cascades, to southern California, east to northern Great Plains, Wyoming and Colorado.[1]

Habitat

Perideridia gairdneri prefers well-drained, nitrogen medium soils. It tolerates slightly acid to mildly alkaline soils. It is very shade intolerant. It is a climax species in drier sites, and is found in the meadow communities in Garry oak ecosystems. Grows from low to middle elevations.[2]

Uses

Important food plant in many places.

Newe use as a food, pit-roasted.

Pomo staple food, roots and greens.

Syilx food, eaten raw, boiled or cooked, sliced, dried and mixed with dried, powdered deer meat.[5]

Propagation

The Seed

Perideridia montana
Photo Credit Lisa Hintz

Seed sample from 2011

Features

Average Measurement: 2.3 x 1 x 1

Measurement Range: L: 1.5 – 3, W: 0.8 – 1.1, D: 0.75 – 1.3

Latitudinal Cross Section: ovate

Longitudinal Cross Section: elliptical

Shape: Seed schizoid, flat on one plane, and rounded on the opposite plane. Lots of irregularity in shape.

Color: Various shades of green and brown. Hilum usually white. Some seeds have pink from remnant flower structure at apex opposite hilum.

Surface: Seeds have five ridges on outer seed face that run from hilum to opposite apex longitudinally. Inner seed face has one white rib that bisects the seed face.

Basic Explanations and Assumptions:

The dimensions for the seeds are length x width x depth. The location of the hilum is used as the base of the seed, and the length is measured from hilum to the opposite apex. Where a style is present, the length is measured from the hilum to the bottom of the style. Width is measured at a right angle to the length at the widest part. Depth is measured at a right angle to the intersection of height and width lines.

Measurements included are the mean average for each measurement of ten separate seeds.

All measurements in millimeters unless otherwise noted.

Photo Gallery

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 Hitchcock, C. L., Cronquist, A., Giblin, D., & Legler, B. et al. (2018). Flora of the Pacific Northwest: an illustrated manual. Seattle: University of Washington Press.
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 Klinkenberg, Brian. (Editor) 2020. E-Flora BC: Electronic Atlas of the Plants of British Columbia [eflora.bc.ca]. Lab for Advanced Spatial Analysis, Department of Geography, University of British Columbia, Vancouver. [Accessed: 2020-06-03 12:05:29 AM ]
  3. Lincoln Constance & Margriet Wetherwax 2012, Perideridia gairdneri subsp. borealis, in Jepson Flora Project (eds.) Jepson eFlora, /eflora/eflora_display.php?tid=52099, accessed on June 02, 2020.
  4. 4.0 4.1 WTU Herbarium, Burke Museum, & University of Washington. Retrieved from https://biology.burke.washington.edu/herbarium/imagecollection/taxon.php?Taxon=Perideridia%20montana
  5. Native American Ethnobotany Database. Retrieved from http://naeb.brit.org/uses/search/?string=Perideridia&page=1