Difference between revisions of "Sisyrinchium idahoense"

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[[File:SIID LisaHintz sd 2012.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Sisyrichium idahoense seed. Photo by Lisa Hintz]]
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*Scientific Name: ''Sisyrinchium idahoense''
*Scientific Name: Sisyrichium idahoense
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*Family: Iridaceae
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*English Names: Blue-eyed grass, Idaho blue-eyed grass
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*Other Names: Sisyrinchium angustifolium
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==Taxonomy==
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*Kingdom: Plantae
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*(unranked): Angiosperms
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*(unranked): Monocots
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*Order: Asparagales
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*Family: Iridaceae
 
*Family: Iridaceae
*Subfamily: Iridoideae
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*Common Names: blue-eyed grass, Idaho blue-eyed grass
*Tribe: Sisyrinchieae
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*Codon: SISIDA
*Genus: Sisyrinchium
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----
*Species: S. idahoense
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[[File:SISIDA8.jpg|thumb|Photo by Ben Legler, 2004, also featured on Main Page]]
==Description==
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===Taxonomy===
Showy, tufted perennial to 40 cm tall; stems usually flattened and wing-margined. Leaves mostly basal, long (to 20 cm).and very narrow (< 2 mm broad). Flowers blue to purplish-blue often with a yellow "eye", small (about 2 cm across) and in a terminal cluster of one to five flowers above a pair of sheathing, leaf-like bracts. Fruits egg-shaped capsules to 6 mm long, with black seeds <ref name="Pojar">Pojar and MacKinnon, 1994</ref>
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{{Taxobox
 +
| name =
 +
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
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| subregnum = Viridiplantae
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| phylum = Tracheophyta
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| subphylum= Spermatophytina
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| classis = Magnoliopsida
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| subclassis = Lilianae
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| ordo = Asparagales
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| familia = Iridaceae
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| genus = ''Sisyrinchium'' L.
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| species = '''''Sisyrinchium idahoense''''' E.P. Bicknell
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| subspecies =
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}}
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<ref>Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved from https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=43266#null</ref>
 +
===Description===
 +
Showy, tufted perennial to 40 cm tall; stems usually flattened and wing-margined. Leaves mostly basal, long (to 20 cm.) and very narrow (< 2 mm broad).
  
==Bloom Period==
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Flowers consisting of 6 tepals, blue to purplish-blue with yellow centers. Flowers are small (about 2 cm across) and arranged in a terminal cluster of two to five flowers above a pair of sheathing, leaf-like bracts, emerging much lie irises.
May to July
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==Distribution==
+
  
==Habitat==
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1 prominent pistil and 3 stamens, ovary in inferior and pubescent.
===Ecological Setting===
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Moist to wet grassy meadows, vernal seepage areas, marshes, roadside ditches; at low to middle elevations <ref name="Pojar"/>
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Fruits egg-shaped capsules to 6 mm long, with black seeds <ref name="Pojar">Pojar and MacKinnon, 1994</ref><ref name=":0">Bowcutt, F., & Hamman, Sarah. (2016). ''Vascular plants''
===Soil Texture===
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of the South Sound prairies'' (First ed.). Olympia, Washington: The Evergreen''
Fine to well-drained.
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State College Press.</ref>
===Soil Reaction / Salinity===
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Mildly acidic to alkaline (pH 5.5 to 7.5) (Henderson, 1976)
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===Bloom Period===
===Moisture Regime===
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March to June
Dry to fresh (Tenenbaum et al., 1994).
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===Distribution===
===Shade Tolerance===
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Both ''S. i.'' var. ''occidentale'' (outer tepals 8-13 mm, inner spathe 12-20mm; spathe keel margins entire) and ''S. i.'' var. ''segetum (''outer tepals 10-17 mm; spathe keel margins generally denticulate) have been reported in the South Salish Sea region. <ref>Hitchcock, C. L., Cronquist, A., Giblin, D., & Legler,
Full sun to partial shade (Tenenbaum et al., 1994).
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B. et al. (2018). ''Flora of the Pacific Northwest: an illustrated manual''.
===Successional Status===
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Seattle: University of Washington Press.</ref><ref name=":0" />
Considered a "weedy" species and a good colonizer (Alverson, 2002).
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===Garry-oak Ecosystem Community Status===
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No information but probably a component of moister meadows in Garry oak ecosystems.
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==Uses==
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===Habitat===
===Site Rehabilitation===
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====Ecological Setting====
Possible reclamation species in moister pockets in selected sites <ref>Winters, 2002</ref><br>
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Moist to wet grassy meadows, vernal seepage areas, marshes, roadside ditches; at low to middle elevations <ref name="Pojar" />
===Wildlife===
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====Soil Texture====
 +
Fine to well-drained.
 +
====Soil Reaction / Salinity====
 +
Mildly acidic to alkaline (pH 5.5 to 7.5) <ref name="Henderson">Henderson, 1976</ref>
 +
====Shade Tolerance====
 +
Full sun to partial shade <ref name="Tenenbaum">Tenenbaum et al., 1994</ref>
 +
====Successional Status====
 +
Considered a "weedy" species and a good early secession species after disturbance. <ref name="Alverson">Alverson, 2002</ref>
 +
===Uses===
 +
====Site Rehabilitation====
 +
Possible reclamation species in moister pockets in selected sites <ref>Winters, 2002</ref>
 +
====Wildlife====
 
Solitary bees of the family Megachilidae are mainly responsible for cross-pollination in natural populations. <ref name="Henderson">Henderson, 1976</ref>
 
Solitary bees of the family Megachilidae are mainly responsible for cross-pollination in natural populations. <ref name="Henderson">Henderson, 1976</ref>
  
===Landscaping===
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====Landscaping====
Mass-plant to create a showy display in a border or a rock garden <ref>Tenenbaum et al., 1994</ref><br>
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Mass-plant to create a showy display in a border or a rock garden <ref name="Tenenbaum" />
===First Nations===
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Infusion of root given to children for diarrhea; Eaten as cooked greens for “regular bowels”; decoction of roots and stalks taken before morning meal for constipation; compound with plant taken for “summer complaint”; infusion of plant taken for stomach troubles and stomach worms; mixed with other greens and eaten.
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===Propagation===
==Propagation==
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====Seed Propagation====
===Seed Propagation===
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Flowers are protandrous, thereby promoting out-crossing and at the same time reducing the chances for self pollination. S. idahoensis is an octoploid species and often exhibits a lag of up to 24 hours between anther maturation and stigma receptivity <ref name="Henderson" />
Flowers are protandrous, thereby promoting out-crossing and at the same time reducing the chances for self pollination. S. idahoensis is an octoploid species and often exhibits a lag of up to 24 hours between anther maturation and stigma receptivity <ref name="Henderson"/>
+
 
====Fruit and Seed Collection and Extraction====
 
====Fruit and Seed Collection and Extraction====
Collect capsules by hand when ripe into collecting bags. Allow to dry further and then shake bags to extract seeds <ref name="Schultz"> Schultz et al., 2001</ref>
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Collect capsules by hand when ripe into collecting bags. Allow to dry further and then shake bags to extract seeds <ref name="Schultz">Schultz et al., 2001</ref>
  
 
====Seed Storage====
 
====Seed Storage====
Cold store at 5º C for up to three years <ref name="Schultz"/>
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Cold store at 5º C for up to three years <ref name="Schultz" />
 
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[[File:SIID LisaHintz sd 2012.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Sisyrichium idahoense seed. Photo by Lisa Hintz]]
 
====Fruit/Seed Dormancy and Treatment====  
 
====Fruit/Seed Dormancy and Treatment====  
Seal seeds in a Ziploc-style bag or a Rubbermaid-style container in equal amounts of seed to perlite or vermiculite, and add just enough water to moisten the mixture. Cold stratify at 5º C for 8 to 12 weeks <ref name="Schultz"/>  
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Seal seeds in a Ziploc-style bag or a Rubbermaid-style container in equal amounts of seed to perlite or vermiculite, and add just enough water to moisten the mixture. Cold stratify at 5º C for 8 to 12 weeks <ref name="Schultz" />  
  
===Outplanting Characteristics and Requirements===
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====Outplanting Characteristics and Requirements====
 
Out-plant in the fall to take advantage of natural moisture or plant in spring and provide supplementary watering. Successfully self-seeds in situ. Can be successfully divided in situ in the spring by simply teasing plants apart and replanting the resulting clumps <ref>R. Bridgeman, pers. comm.</ref>
 
Out-plant in the fall to take advantage of natural moisture or plant in spring and provide supplementary watering. Successfully self-seeds in situ. Can be successfully divided in situ in the spring by simply teasing plants apart and replanting the resulting clumps <ref>R. Bridgeman, pers. comm.</ref>
  
==Photo Gallery==
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===Photo Gallery===
 
<gallery>
 
<gallery>
Image:SIID PatMontegue flw good.JPG|photos by Pat Montegue
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Image:SIID PatMontegue flw good.JPG|Pat Montegue
Image:SIID PatMontegue flw good1.JPG
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Image:SIID PatMontegue flw good1.JPG|Pat Montegue
Image:SIID PatMontegue flw good2.JPG
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Image:SIID PatMontegue flw good2.JPG|Pat Montegue
Image:SIID PatMontegue sdh good.jpg
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Image:SIID PatMontegue sdh good.jpg|Pat Montegue
 
</gallery>
 
</gallery>
  
==References==
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===References===
<References/>
+
<references />
 
+
 
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[http://www.goert.ca/propagation_guidelines/forbs/sisyrinchium_idahoense Garry Oak Ecosystems Recovery Team]<br>
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[http://herb.umd.umich.edu/herb University of Michigan Dearborn Native American Ethnobotany Database]<br>
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Latest revision as of 23:53, 20 March 2021

  • Scientific Name: Sisyrinchium idahoense
  • Family: Iridaceae
  • Common Names: blue-eyed grass, Idaho blue-eyed grass
  • Codon: SISIDA

Photo by Ben Legler, 2004, also featured on Main Page

Taxonomy

Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Subkingdom: Viridiplantae
Phylum: Tracheophyta
Subphylum: Spermatophytina
Class: Magnoliopsida
Subclass: Lilianae
Order: Asparagales
Family: Iridaceae
Genus: Sisyrinchium L.
Species: Sisyrinchium idahoense E.P. Bicknell

[1]

Description

Showy, tufted perennial to 40 cm tall; stems usually flattened and wing-margined. Leaves mostly basal, long (to 20 cm.) and very narrow (< 2 mm broad).

Flowers consisting of 6 tepals, blue to purplish-blue with yellow centers. Flowers are small (about 2 cm across) and arranged in a terminal cluster of two to five flowers above a pair of sheathing, leaf-like bracts, emerging much lie irises.

1 prominent pistil and 3 stamens, ovary in inferior and pubescent.

Fruits egg-shaped capsules to 6 mm long, with black seeds [2][3]

Bloom Period

March to June

Distribution

Both S. i. var. occidentale (outer tepals 8-13 mm, inner spathe 12-20mm; spathe keel margins entire) and S. i. var. segetum (outer tepals 10-17 mm; spathe keel margins generally denticulate) have been reported in the South Salish Sea region. [4][3]

Habitat

Ecological Setting

Moist to wet grassy meadows, vernal seepage areas, marshes, roadside ditches; at low to middle elevations [2]

Soil Texture

Fine to well-drained.

Soil Reaction / Salinity

Mildly acidic to alkaline (pH 5.5 to 7.5) [5]

Shade Tolerance

Full sun to partial shade [6]

Successional Status

Considered a "weedy" species and a good early secession species after disturbance. [7]

Uses

Site Rehabilitation

Possible reclamation species in moister pockets in selected sites [8]

Wildlife

Solitary bees of the family Megachilidae are mainly responsible for cross-pollination in natural populations. [5]

Landscaping

Mass-plant to create a showy display in a border or a rock garden [6]

Propagation

Seed Propagation

Flowers are protandrous, thereby promoting out-crossing and at the same time reducing the chances for self pollination. S. idahoensis is an octoploid species and often exhibits a lag of up to 24 hours between anther maturation and stigma receptivity [5]

Fruit and Seed Collection and Extraction

Collect capsules by hand when ripe into collecting bags. Allow to dry further and then shake bags to extract seeds [9]

Seed Storage

Cold store at 5º C for up to three years [9]

Sisyrichium idahoense seed. Photo by Lisa Hintz

Fruit/Seed Dormancy and Treatment

Seal seeds in a Ziploc-style bag or a Rubbermaid-style container in equal amounts of seed to perlite or vermiculite, and add just enough water to moisten the mixture. Cold stratify at 5º C for 8 to 12 weeks [9]

Outplanting Characteristics and Requirements

Out-plant in the fall to take advantage of natural moisture or plant in spring and provide supplementary watering. Successfully self-seeds in situ. Can be successfully divided in situ in the spring by simply teasing plants apart and replanting the resulting clumps [10]

Photo Gallery

References

  1. Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved from https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=43266#null
  2. 2.0 2.1 Pojar and MacKinnon, 1994
  3. 3.0 3.1 Bowcutt, F., & Hamman, Sarah. (2016). Vascular plants of the South Sound prairies (First ed.). Olympia, Washington: The Evergreen State College Press.
  4. Hitchcock, C. L., Cronquist, A., Giblin, D., & Legler, B. et al. (2018). Flora of the Pacific Northwest: an illustrated manual. Seattle: University of Washington Press.
  5. 5.0 5.1 5.2 Henderson, 1976
  6. 6.0 6.1 Tenenbaum et al., 1994
  7. Alverson, 2002
  8. Winters, 2002
  9. 9.0 9.1 9.2 Schultz et al., 2001
  10. R. Bridgeman, pers. comm.