Difference between revisions of "Sisyrinchium idahoense"

From Puget Prairie Plants
Line 2: Line 2:
 
*Scientific Name: Sisyrichium idahoense
 
*Scientific Name: Sisyrichium idahoense
 
*Family: Iridaceae
 
*Family: Iridaceae
*English Names: Blue-eyed grass, Idaho blue-eyed grass
+
*Common Names: Blue-eyed grass, Idaho blue-eyed grass
*
+
 
==Taxonomy==
 
==Taxonomy==
*Kingdom: Plantae
+
{{Taxobox
*(unranked): Angiosperms
+
| name = Solidago lepida
*(unranked): Monocots
+
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
*Order: Asparagales
+
| subregnum = Tracheobionta
*Family: Iridaceae
+
| phylum = Spermatophyta
*Subfamily: Iridoideae
+
| subphylum= Magnoliophyta
*Tribe: Sisyrinchieae
+
| classis = Magnoliopsida
*Genus: Sisyrinchium
+
| subclassis = Lilianae
*Species: S. idahoense
+
| ordo = Asparagales
 +
| familia = Iridaceae
 +
| genus = '''''Sisyrinchium''''' L.
 +
| species = '''''Sisyrinchium idahoense''''' E.P. Bicknell
 +
| subspecies =
 +
}}
 +
 
 
==Description==
 
==Description==
Showy, tufted perennial to 40 cm tall; stems usually flattened and wing-margined. Leaves mostly basal, long (to 20 cm).and very narrow (< 2 mm broad). Flowers blue to purplish-blue often with a yellow "eye", small (about 2 cm across) and in a terminal cluster of one to five flowers above a pair of sheathing, leaf-like bracts. Fruits egg-shaped capsules to 6 mm long, with black seeds <ref name="Pojar">Pojar and MacKinnon, 1994</ref>
+
Showy, tufted perennial to 40 cm tall; stems usually flattened and wing-margined. Leaves mostly basal, long (to 20 cm.) and very narrow (< 2 mm broad).
 +
 
 +
Flowers consisting of 6 tepals, blue to purplish-blue with yellow centers. Flowers are small (about 2 cm across) and arranged in a terminal cluster of two to five flowers above a pair of sheathing, leaf-like bracts, emerging much lie irises.
 +
 
 +
1 prominent pistil and 3 stamens, ovary in inferior and pubescent.
 +
 
 +
Fruits egg-shaped capsules to 6 mm long, with black seeds <ref name="Pojar">Pojar and MacKinnon, 1994</ref><ref name=":0">Bowcutt, F., & Hamman, Sarah. (2016). ''Vascular plants
 +
of the South Sound prairies'' (First ed.). Olympia, Washington: The Evergreen
 +
State College Press.</ref>
  
 
==Bloom Period==
 
==Bloom Period==
May to July
+
March to June
 
==Distribution==
 
==Distribution==
Native to British Columbia and Western United States
+
Both ''S. i.'' var. ''occidentale'' (outer tepals 8-13 mm, inner spathe 12-20mm; spathe keel margins entire) and ''S. i.'' var. ''segetum (''outer tepals 10-17 mm; spathe keel margins generally denticulate) have been reported in the South Salish Sea region. <ref>Hitchcock, C. L., Cronquist, A., Giblin, D., & Legler,
 +
B. et al. (2018). ''Flora of the Pacific Northwest: an illustrated manual''.
 +
Seattle: University of Washington Press.</ref><ref name=":0" />
  
 
==Habitat==
 
==Habitat==
Line 29: Line 44:
 
===Soil Reaction / Salinity===
 
===Soil Reaction / Salinity===
 
Mildly acidic to alkaline (pH 5.5 to 7.5) <ref name="Henderson">Henderson, 1976</ref>
 
Mildly acidic to alkaline (pH 5.5 to 7.5) <ref name="Henderson">Henderson, 1976</ref>
===Moisture Regime===
 
Dry to fresh <ref name="Tenenbaum">Tenenbaum et al., 1994</ref>
 
 
===Shade Tolerance===
 
===Shade Tolerance===
Full sun to partial shade <ref name="Tenenbaum" />
+
Full sun to partial shade <ref name="Tenenbaum">Tenenbaum et al., 1994</ref>
 
===Successional Status===
 
===Successional Status===
Considered a "weedy" species and a good colonizer <ref name="Alverson">Alverson, 2002</ref>
+
Considered a "weedy" species and a good early secession species after disturbance. <ref name="Alverson">Alverson, 2002</ref>
===Garry-oak Ecosystem Community Status===
+
No information but probably a component of moister meadows in Garry oak ecosystems.
+
 
+
 
==Uses==
 
==Uses==
 
===Site Rehabilitation===
 
===Site Rehabilitation===
Possible reclamation species in moister pockets in selected sites <ref>Winters, 2002</ref><br>
+
Possible reclamation species in moister pockets in selected sites <ref>Winters, 2002</ref>
 
===Wildlife===
 
===Wildlife===
 
Solitary bees of the family Megachilidae are mainly responsible for cross-pollination in natural populations. <ref name="Henderson">Henderson, 1976</ref>
 
Solitary bees of the family Megachilidae are mainly responsible for cross-pollination in natural populations. <ref name="Henderson">Henderson, 1976</ref>
  
 
===Landscaping===
 
===Landscaping===
Mass-plant to create a showy display in a border or a rock garden <ref name="Tenenbaum" /><br>
+
Mass-plant to create a showy display in a border or a rock garden <ref name="Tenenbaum" />
===First Nations===
+
 
Infusion of root given to children for diarrhea; Eaten as cooked greens for “regular bowels”; decoction of roots and stalks taken before morning meal for constipation; compound with plant taken for “summer complaint”; infusion of plant taken for stomach troubles and stomach worms; mixed with other greens and eaten.
+
 
==Propagation==
 
==Propagation==
 
===Seed Propagation===
 
===Seed Propagation===
Line 74: Line 83:
 
<references />
 
<references />
  
 
+
<br>
[http://www.goert.ca/propagation_guidelines/forbs/sisyrinchium_idahoense Garry Oak Ecosystems Recovery Team]<br>
+
[http://herb.umd.umich.edu/herb University of Michigan Dearborn Native American Ethnobotany Database]<br>
+

Revision as of 17:57, 2 May 2020

Sisyrichium idahoense seed. Photo by Lisa Hintz
  • Scientific Name: Sisyrichium idahoense
  • Family: Iridaceae
  • Common Names: Blue-eyed grass, Idaho blue-eyed grass

Taxonomy

Solidago lepida
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Subkingdom: Tracheobionta
Phylum: Spermatophyta
Subphylum: Magnoliophyta
Class: Magnoliopsida
Subclass: Lilianae
Order: Asparagales
Family: Iridaceae
Genus: Sisyrinchium L.
Species: Sisyrinchium idahoense E.P. Bicknell

Description

Showy, tufted perennial to 40 cm tall; stems usually flattened and wing-margined. Leaves mostly basal, long (to 20 cm.) and very narrow (< 2 mm broad).

Flowers consisting of 6 tepals, blue to purplish-blue with yellow centers. Flowers are small (about 2 cm across) and arranged in a terminal cluster of two to five flowers above a pair of sheathing, leaf-like bracts, emerging much lie irises.

1 prominent pistil and 3 stamens, ovary in inferior and pubescent.

Fruits egg-shaped capsules to 6 mm long, with black seeds [1][2]

Bloom Period

March to June

Distribution

Both S. i. var. occidentale (outer tepals 8-13 mm, inner spathe 12-20mm; spathe keel margins entire) and S. i. var. segetum (outer tepals 10-17 mm; spathe keel margins generally denticulate) have been reported in the South Salish Sea region. [3][2]

Habitat

Ecological Setting

Moist to wet grassy meadows, vernal seepage areas, marshes, roadside ditches; at low to middle elevations [1]

Soil Texture

Fine to well-drained.

Soil Reaction / Salinity

Mildly acidic to alkaline (pH 5.5 to 7.5) [4]

Shade Tolerance

Full sun to partial shade [5]

Successional Status

Considered a "weedy" species and a good early secession species after disturbance. [6]

Uses

Site Rehabilitation

Possible reclamation species in moister pockets in selected sites [7]

Wildlife

Solitary bees of the family Megachilidae are mainly responsible for cross-pollination in natural populations. [4]

Landscaping

Mass-plant to create a showy display in a border or a rock garden [5]

Propagation

Seed Propagation

Flowers are protandrous, thereby promoting out-crossing and at the same time reducing the chances for self pollination. S. idahoensis is an octoploid species and often exhibits a lag of up to 24 hours between anther maturation and stigma receptivity [4]

Fruit and Seed Collection and Extraction

Collect capsules by hand when ripe into collecting bags. Allow to dry further and then shake bags to extract seeds [8]

Seed Storage

Cold store at 5º C for up to three years [8]

Fruit/Seed Dormancy and Treatment

Seal seeds in a Ziploc-style bag or a Rubbermaid-style container in equal amounts of seed to perlite or vermiculite, and add just enough water to moisten the mixture. Cold stratify at 5º C for 8 to 12 weeks [8]

Outplanting Characteristics and Requirements

Out-plant in the fall to take advantage of natural moisture or plant in spring and provide supplementary watering. Successfully self-seeds in situ. Can be successfully divided in situ in the spring by simply teasing plants apart and replanting the resulting clumps [9]

Photo Gallery

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 Pojar and MacKinnon, 1994
  2. 2.0 2.1 Bowcutt, F., & Hamman, Sarah. (2016). Vascular plants of the South Sound prairies (First ed.). Olympia, Washington: The Evergreen State College Press.
  3. Hitchcock, C. L., Cronquist, A., Giblin, D., & Legler, B. et al. (2018). Flora of the Pacific Northwest: an illustrated manual. Seattle: University of Washington Press.
  4. 4.0 4.1 4.2 Henderson, 1976
  5. 5.0 5.1 Tenenbaum et al., 1994
  6. Alverson, 2002
  7. Winters, 2002
  8. 8.0 8.1 8.2 Schultz et al., 2001
  9. R. Bridgeman, pers. comm.