Difference between revisions of "Solidago lepida"

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[[File:SOCA LisaHintz sd 2012.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Solidago canadensis seed. Photo by Lisa Hintz]]
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*Scientific Name: ''Solidago lepida''
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*Family: Asteraceae
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*Common Name: West Canadian goldenrod
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*Synonyms/Misapplications: ''Solidago canadensis''
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*Codon: SOLLEP
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----
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[[File:SOLLEP1.jpg|thumb|Photo by Ben Legler, also featured on Main Page.]]
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===Taxonomy===
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{{Taxobox
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| name =
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| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
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| subregnum = Viridiplantae
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| phylum = Tracheophyta
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| subphylum= Spermatophytina
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| classis = Magnoliopsida
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| subclassis = Asteranae
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| ordo = Asterales
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| familia = Asteraceae
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| genus = ''Solidago'' L.
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| species = '''''Solidago lepida''''' DC.
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| subspecies =
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| synonyms = *''Solidago canadensis'' var. ''lepida ''(DC.) Cronquist
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*''Solidago canadensis'' var.'' subserrata'' (DC.) Cronquist
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}}
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<ref>Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved from https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=521727#null</ref>
  
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*Scientific Name: Solidago canadensis
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===Description===
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*Family: Asteraceae
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Erect perennial, forms patches from long creeping rhizomes. Stems leafy and hairy near the top, basally reduced, with a dense cluster of small yellow flowers.
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*English Names: Canadian goldenrod
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==Taxonomy==
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*Kingdom: Plantae
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*(unranked): Angiosperms
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*(unranked): Eudicots
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*(unranked): Asterids
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*Order: Asterales
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*Family: Asteraceae
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*Tribe: stereae
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*Genus: Solidago
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*Species: S. canadensi
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==Description==
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At a Glance: Forms patches from long creeping rhizomes. Stems leafy and hairy near the top, with a dense cluster of small yellow flowers.
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Height: Up to 5 feet (1.5 meters).
 
Height: Up to 5 feet (1.5 meters).
  
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Growth Form: Herb.
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Leaves: Lacking well-developed basal leaves; stem leaves numerous and crowded, gradually reduced upwards; saw-toothed to entire; hairless to roughly hairy on upper and lower sides; leaves are prominently 3-veined.  
  
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Stems: Leafy stems, hairy on upper portions.
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.Flowers: Numerous flower heads in dense pyramidal cluster; ray flowers 10-17, 1-3 mm long; involucres 3-6mm x 3-5mm, long-pointed bracts that sometimes overlap, sometimes sticky and glandular.<ref name=":1">WTU Herbarium, Burke Museum,
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& University of Washington. Retrieved from https://biology.burke.washington.edu/herbarium/imagecollection/taxon.php?Taxon=Solidago%20lepida</ref><ref name=":0">Hitchcock, C. L., Cronquist, A., Giblin, D., & Legler,
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B. et al. (2018). ''Flora of the Pacific Northwest: an illustrated manual''.
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Seattle: University of Washington Press.</ref>[[File:SOCA LisaHintz sd 2012.jpg|thumb|300px|''Solidago lepida'' seed. Photo by Lisa Hintz]]
  
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Leaves: Lacking basal leaves; stem leaves numerous and crowded, gradually reduced upwards; saw-toothed to entire; hairless to roughly hairy on upper and lower sides; leaves are prominently 3-veined;
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===Bloom Period===
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July-October<ref name=":1" />
  
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shape: lance-shaped to linear;
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===Distribution===
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Widespread on both sides of the Cascades, Alaska to California, east to Rocky Mountains and eastern Canada.<ref name=":0" />
  
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color: green.
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===Habitat===
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Flowers: Numerous flower heads in dense pyramidal cluster; ray flowers 10-17, 1-3 mm long; involucres 3-6mm x 3-5mm, long-pointed bracts that sometimes overlap, sometimes sticky and glandular.
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====Ecological Setting====
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Fields, meadows, thickets, and shorelines, roadsides and disturbed sites; low to mid elevations.<ref name=":0" />
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==Bloom Period==
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====Soil Texture====
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June, July, August, September.
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==Distribution==
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Across Canada and throughout the United States.
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==Habitat==
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===Ecological Setting===
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Coastal bluffs, dunes or beaches; Open forests, Forest edges, openings, or clearings and thickets; Meadows or grassy areas; Prairie, Plains, Pastures, Savannahs, Stream banks, Roadsides and disturbed sites; low to mid elevations
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===Soil Texture===
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Coarse, medium, or fine.
 
Coarse, medium, or fine.
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===Nutrients===
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====Soil Reaction / Salinity====
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Nutrient rich soil
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===Soil Reaction / Salinity===
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pH, Minimum 4.8 pH, Maximum 7.5
 
pH, Minimum 4.8 pH, Maximum 7.5
 
<br>No salinity tolerance
 
<br>No salinity tolerance
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===Moisture Regime===
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====Shade Tolerance====
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Common in dry and moist habitats.
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===Shade Tolerance===
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Shade intolerant - mostly sunny 60%-80%
 
Shade intolerant - mostly sunny 60%-80%
  
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==Uses==
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===Uses===
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===Wildlife===
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====Wildlife====
 
Birds: The seeds of goldenrod are eaten by numerous bird species.<br>
 
Birds: The seeds of goldenrod are eaten by numerous bird species.<br>
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Insects: The bright, showy flowers attract bumblebees and pine white, red admiral, and mylitta crescent butterflies. Syrphid flies and small wasps also frequently visit the goldenrod flowers.
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Insects: The bright, showy flowers attract bumblebees and pine white, red admiral, and mylitta crescent butterflies. Syrphid flies and small wasps also frequently visit the goldenrod flowers.<ref>Plants that Provide Seeds and Berries. (2018). Retrieved from <nowiki>https://www.wnps.org/plant-lists</nowiki></ref>
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===First Nations===
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====First Nations====
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Infusion of roots and flowers used for side pains; Compound infusion of roots taken as an emetic and to kill a love medicine; Infusion of flowers taken as an emetic for too much gall; Plant used as a "gambling medicine"; Compound infusion of tubers given to babies that start suddenly during sleep; Compound decoction used as wash for child who does not talk or laugh; Infusion of flower heads taken for diarrhea; Infusion of shoots given to children with fevers; Decoction of flower heads taken for the flu; Infusion of blossoms used for special kinds of fevers; Infusion of plant used as a bath for the mother at childbirth; Decoction of plant used as a bath for babies with diarrhea, sleeplessness or excessive crying; Decoction of plant tops taken for diarrhea; Plant used to make a steambath for crippled, paralyzed people; Decoction of plant and wild tarragon used as a wash for horses with cuts and sores; Crushed blossoms chewed for sore throat; Infusion of crushed blossoms taken for body pain; Seeds used for food; Roots steeped or eaten; Roots smoked with other tobaccos; Clustered flower heads used by children as play whips.
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Infusion of roots and flowers used for flank pains; Infusion of flowers taken as an emetic; Compound infusion of tubers given to babies that start suddenly during sleep; Compound decoction used as wash for child who does not talk or laugh; Infusion of flower heads taken for diarrhea; Infusion of shoots given to children with fevers; Decoction of flower heads taken for the flu; Infusion of blossoms used for special kinds of fevers; Infusion of plant used as a bath for the parent at childbirth; Decoction of plant used as a bath for babies with diarrhea, sleeplessness or excessive crying; Decoction of plant tops taken for diarrhea; Decoction of plant and wild tarragon used as a wash for horses with cuts and sores; Crushed blossoms chewed for sore throat; Infusion of crushed blossoms taken for body pain; Seeds used for food; Roots steeped or eaten; Roots smoked with other tobaccos.<ref>Native American Ethnobotany Database. Retrieved from <nowiki>http://naeb.brit.org/uses/search/?string=solidago+canadensis</nowiki></ref>
  
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===Other===
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Gregory L. Tilford writes that the species within the ''Solidago'' genus may be used more or less interchangeably. He writes the greens can be eaten a cooked potherb, with variable palatibility, and the flowers make a nice sweetened tea. Dried leaves and flowers may be used as a styptic agent, and an infusion to reduce mucus production in the bronchi during a cold or flu. The tea is diuretic and regarded by him as a kidney tonic.<ref>Tilford, G. L. (1999). ''Edible and medicinal plants of the''
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Haemostatic, styptic. The root is applied as a poultice to burns. An infusion of the dried powdered herb can be used as an antiseptic. The blossoms are analgesic, astringent and febrifuge.<br>
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west''. Missoula, MT: Mountain Press Pub. Co.''</ref>
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A tea made from the flowers is used in the treatment of diarrhoea, body pains, fevers and snakebites.<br>
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===Photo Gallery===
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The plant contains quercitin, a compound that is reportedly useful in the treatment of haemorrhagic nephritis. This plant is said to have similar medicinal properties to S. virgaurea. Goldenrod is a safe and gentle remedy for a number of disorders. In particular, it is a valuable astringent remedy treating wounds and bleeding, whilst it is particularly useful in the treatment of urinary tract disorders, being used both for serious ailments such as nephritis and for more common problems such as cystitis.<br>
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The plant contains saponins that are antifungal and act specifically against the Candida fungus which is the cause of vaginal and oral thrush. It also contains rutin which is used to treat capillary fragility, and phenolic glycosides which are anti-inflammatory. The leaves and flowering tops are anthelmintic, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, aromatic, astringent, carminative, diaphoretic, mildly diuretic, febrifuge and stimulant.<br>
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A good vulnerary herb, it has also proved of value when used internally in the treatment of urinary infections, chronic catarrh, skin diseases, influenza, whooping cough, bladder and kidney stones etc. Due to its mild action, goldenrod is used to treat gastro-enteritis in children. It makes an excellent mouthwash in the treatment of thrush.<br>
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The plant is gathered in the summer and dried for later use. The seed is anticoagulant, astringent and carminative.<br>
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A homeopathic remedy is made from the plant. It is used in the treatment of kidney and bladder disorders, rheumatism and arthritis.<br>
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Goldenrod was reputedly carried into battle during the crusades and was often used as a substitute for highly taxed English tea during the American revolution. Goldenrod contains small amounts of rubber and Thomas Edison tried to make a business out of extracting rubber from inexpensive goldenrod. The yellow tops can be harvested and used to make a strong yellow or golden dye.<br>
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==Propagation==
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==Photo Gallery==
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<gallery>
 
<gallery>
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Image::Solidago canadensis PID1502-1.jpg
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File:SOLLEP2.png|Photo CNLM
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Image:Solidago canadensis PID1502-3.jpg
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File:SOLLEP3.png|Young plant, photo CNLM
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File:SOCA LisaHintz sd 2012.jpg|photo by Lisa Hintz
 
</gallery>
 
</gallery>
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==References==
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[http://wnps.org/landscaping/herbarium/pages/solidago-canadensis.html Washington Native Plant Society]<br>
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===References===
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[http://www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=SOCA6 Wildflower Center: University Of Texas at Austin]<br>
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<references />
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http://herb.umd.umich.edu/herb/search.pl<br>
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[http://pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Solidago+canadensis Plants for a Future]
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Latest revision as of 16:36, 30 June 2021

  • Scientific Name: Solidago lepida
  • Family: Asteraceae
  • Common Name: West Canadian goldenrod
  • Synonyms/Misapplications: Solidago canadensis
  • Codon: SOLLEP
Photo by Ben Legler, also featured on Main Page.

Taxonomy

Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Subkingdom: Viridiplantae
Phylum: Tracheophyta
Subphylum: Spermatophytina
Class: Magnoliopsida
Subclass: Asteranae
Order: Asterales
Family: Asteraceae
Genus: Solidago L.
Species: Solidago lepida DC.
Synonyms
  • Solidago canadensis var. lepida (DC.) Cronquist
  • Solidago canadensis var. subserrata (DC.) Cronquist

[1]

Description

Erect perennial, forms patches from long creeping rhizomes. Stems leafy and hairy near the top, basally reduced, with a dense cluster of small yellow flowers.

Height: Up to 5 feet (1.5 meters).

Leaves: Lacking well-developed basal leaves; stem leaves numerous and crowded, gradually reduced upwards; saw-toothed to entire; hairless to roughly hairy on upper and lower sides; leaves are prominently 3-veined.

.Flowers: Numerous flower heads in dense pyramidal cluster; ray flowers 10-17, 1-3 mm long; involucres 3-6mm x 3-5mm, long-pointed bracts that sometimes overlap, sometimes sticky and glandular.[2][3]
Solidago lepida seed. Photo by Lisa Hintz

Bloom Period

July-October[2]

Distribution

Widespread on both sides of the Cascades, Alaska to California, east to Rocky Mountains and eastern Canada.[3]

Habitat

Ecological Setting

Fields, meadows, thickets, and shorelines, roadsides and disturbed sites; low to mid elevations.[3]

Soil Texture

Coarse, medium, or fine.

Soil Reaction / Salinity

pH, Minimum 4.8 pH, Maximum 7.5
No salinity tolerance

Shade Tolerance

Shade intolerant - mostly sunny 60%-80%

Uses

Wildlife

Birds: The seeds of goldenrod are eaten by numerous bird species.
Insects: The bright, showy flowers attract bumblebees and pine white, red admiral, and mylitta crescent butterflies. Syrphid flies and small wasps also frequently visit the goldenrod flowers.[4]

First Nations

Infusion of roots and flowers used for flank pains; Infusion of flowers taken as an emetic; Compound infusion of tubers given to babies that start suddenly during sleep; Compound decoction used as wash for child who does not talk or laugh; Infusion of flower heads taken for diarrhea; Infusion of shoots given to children with fevers; Decoction of flower heads taken for the flu; Infusion of blossoms used for special kinds of fevers; Infusion of plant used as a bath for the parent at childbirth; Decoction of plant used as a bath for babies with diarrhea, sleeplessness or excessive crying; Decoction of plant tops taken for diarrhea; Decoction of plant and wild tarragon used as a wash for horses with cuts and sores; Crushed blossoms chewed for sore throat; Infusion of crushed blossoms taken for body pain; Seeds used for food; Roots steeped or eaten; Roots smoked with other tobaccos.[5]

Gregory L. Tilford writes that the species within the Solidago genus may be used more or less interchangeably. He writes the greens can be eaten a cooked potherb, with variable palatibility, and the flowers make a nice sweetened tea. Dried leaves and flowers may be used as a styptic agent, and an infusion to reduce mucus production in the bronchi during a cold or flu. The tea is diuretic and regarded by him as a kidney tonic.[6]

Photo Gallery

  • Photo CNLM

  • Young plant, photo CNLM

  • photo by Lisa Hintz

References

  1. ↑ Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved from https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=521727#null
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 WTU Herbarium, Burke Museum, & University of Washington. Retrieved from https://biology.burke.washington.edu/herbarium/imagecollection/taxon.php?Taxon=Solidago%20lepida
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Hitchcock, C. L., Cronquist, A., Giblin, D., & Legler, B. et al. (2018). Flora of the Pacific Northwest: an illustrated manual. Seattle: University of Washington Press.
  4. ↑ Plants that Provide Seeds and Berries. (2018). Retrieved from https://www.wnps.org/plant-lists
  5. ↑ Native American Ethnobotany Database. Retrieved from http://naeb.brit.org/uses/search/?string=solidago+canadensis
  6. ↑ Tilford, G. L. (1999). Edible and medicinal plants of the west. Missoula, MT: Mountain Press Pub. Co.
Retrieved from "http://wikis.evergreen.edu/pugetprairieplants/index.php?title=Solidago_lepida&oldid=5224"

The Evergreen State College