Difference between revisions of "Viola adunca"

From Puget Prairie Plants
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First overview block: ''Viola adunca'', Violaceae, Early blue violet, Blue violet, Western dog violet
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''Viola adunca''. Family: Violaceae. Early blue violet, Blue violet, Western dog violet. Codon:VIOADU
  
 
==Taxonomy==
 
==Taxonomy==
* Kingdom Plantae
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{{Taxobox
* Subkingdom Viridaeplantae
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| name = Viola Adunca
* Infrakingdom Streptophyta
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| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
* Division Tracheophyta
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| subregnum = Tracheobionta
* Subdivision Spermatophytina 
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| phylum = Spermatophyta
* Infradivision Angiospermae 
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| subphylum= Magnoliophyta
* Class Magnoliopsida
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| classis = Magnoliopsida
* Superorder Rosanae
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| subclassis = Rosanae
* Order Malpighiales
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| ordo = Malphigiales
* Family Violaceae
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| familia = Violaceae
* Genus Viola L.
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| genus = '''''Viola L.'''''
* Species Viola adunca  
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| species = '''''Viola adunca L.'''''
(source: Itis.gov)
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| binomial_authority = Linnaeus
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}}
  
 
==Description==
 
==Description==
Perennial from short to long, slender rhizomes. Usually stemless in the early part of the season, later developing aerial stems up to 10 cm tall. Starts to flower early in the growing season. Leaves generally oval to heart-shaped, hairy to hairless, blades to 3 cm long with fine round-toothed margins. Stipules reddish-brown or with reddish-brown flecks, narrowly lance-shaped margins slender-toothed or somewhat ragged. Flowers to 1.5 cm long, with a slender spur half as long as the lowest petal, petals blue to deep violet, the lower three often white at base and purple-pencilled, the lateral pair white-bearded. Fruits small capsules opening explosively by three valves (Pojar and MacKinnon, 1994).  
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Perennial from short to long, slender rhizomes. Usually stemless in the early part of the season, later developing aerial stems up to 10 cm tall. Starts to flower early in the growing season. Leaves generally oval to heart-shaped, hairy to hairless, blades to 3 cm long with fine round-toothed margins. Stipules reddish-brown or with reddish-brown flecks, narrowly lance-shaped margins slender-toothed or somewhat ragged. Flowers to 1.5 cm long, with a slender spur half as long as the lowest petal, petals blue to deep violet, the lower three often white at base and purple-pencilled, the lateral pair white-bearded. Fruits small capsules opening explosively by three valves<ref name=":0">MacKinnon, A., Pojar, Jim, & Alaback, Paul B. (2004). ''Plants of the Pacific Northwest coast : Washington, Oregon, British Columbia & Alaska'' (Rev. ed.). Vancouver: Lone Pine Pub.</ref>
  
  
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==Distribution==
 
==Distribution==
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Grasslands, open forests, rocky slopes, dry to damp meadows, lowland to alpine; widespread, Alaska to California, both sides of Cascades, east to Atlantic.<ref>Hitchcock, C., Cronquist, Arthur,
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Giblin, David, Legler, Ben, Zika, Peter F., Olmstead, Richard G., . . .
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Porcino, Natsuko. (2018). ''Flora of the Pacific Northwest : An
 +
illustrated manual'' (Second ed.). Seattle: University of Washington
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Press ; Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture.</ref>
  
 
==Habitat==
 
==Habitat==
Dry to moist meadows, open woods, grasslands and open, disturbed ground from lowlands to near timberline (Pojar and MacKinnon, 1994).
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Dry to moist meadows, open woods, grasslands and open, disturbed ground from lowlands to near timberline<ref name=":0" />
  
 
==Uses==
 
==Uses==
Wildlife: Key food species for the larvae of the silverspot butterfly.
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Ecological: Key food species for the larvae of the silverspot butterfly.
  
Landscaping: Native violets "can produce the right substitute with a restrained beauty" to exotics such as pansies. Viola adunca grows in such a range of habitats that many natural variants occur. "This is an easy, dependable and lovely plant for rather dry, open woods or lower reaches of the rockery in sun or partial shade (Krukeberg, 1996).   
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Landscaping: Native violets "can produce the right substitute with a restrained beauty" to exotics such as pansies. "This is an easy, dependable and lovely plant for rather dry, open woods or lower reaches of the rockery in sun or partial shade." <ref>Kruckeberg, A. (1996). ''Gardening with native plants of the Pacific Northwest'' (2nd ed., rev. and enl. ed.). Seattle : Vancouver: University of Washington Press ; Greystone Books.</ref>  
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Food and Medicine: 
  
 
==Propagation==
 
==Propagation==
Cold moist stratification improves germination.  To stratify outdoors, sow in container from November through January, allow exposure to rain, do not protect from frost, until after germination.  Best to sow several seeds into a single tray, pluck out and transplant individually in the spring. Emergence usually occurs once soil has warmed in April, sometimes May.  Seed should be brown in color.  Buff or pale colored seed indicates immature development. Viola is host to the Oregon silverspot butterfly, in addition to many other insects including most common garden pests.  Please do not use systemic insecticide on Viola adunca. 
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Cold moist stratification improves germination.  To stratify outdoors, sow in container from November through January, allow exposure to rain, do not protect from frost, until after germination.  Best to sow several seeds into a single tray, pluck out and transplant individually in the spring. Emergence usually occurs once soil has warmed in April, sometimes May.  Seed should be brown in color.  Buff or pale colored seed indicates immature development.  
  
 
==Photo Gallery==
 
==Photo Gallery==
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<gallery>
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File:VIOADU1.jpg
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File:VIOADU2.png
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File:VIOADU3.png
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File:VIOADU4.jpg
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</gallery>
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==References==
 
==References==

Revision as of 21:18, 17 April 2020

Viola adunca. Family: Violaceae. Early blue violet, Blue violet, Western dog violet. Codon:VIOADU

Taxonomy

Viola Adunca
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Subkingdom: Tracheobionta
Phylum: Spermatophyta
Subphylum: Magnoliophyta
Class: Magnoliopsida
Subclass: Rosanae
Order: Malphigiales
Family: Violaceae
Genus: Viola L.
Species: Viola adunca L.

Description

Perennial from short to long, slender rhizomes. Usually stemless in the early part of the season, later developing aerial stems up to 10 cm tall. Starts to flower early in the growing season. Leaves generally oval to heart-shaped, hairy to hairless, blades to 3 cm long with fine round-toothed margins. Stipules reddish-brown or with reddish-brown flecks, narrowly lance-shaped margins slender-toothed or somewhat ragged. Flowers to 1.5 cm long, with a slender spur half as long as the lowest petal, petals blue to deep violet, the lower three often white at base and purple-pencilled, the lateral pair white-bearded. Fruits small capsules opening explosively by three valves[1]


Bloom Period

April-June

Distribution

Grasslands, open forests, rocky slopes, dry to damp meadows, lowland to alpine; widespread, Alaska to California, both sides of Cascades, east to Atlantic.[2]

Habitat

Dry to moist meadows, open woods, grasslands and open, disturbed ground from lowlands to near timberline[1]

Uses

Ecological: Key food species for the larvae of the silverspot butterfly.

Landscaping: Native violets "can produce the right substitute with a restrained beauty" to exotics such as pansies. "This is an easy, dependable and lovely plant for rather dry, open woods or lower reaches of the rockery in sun or partial shade." [3]

Food and Medicine:

Propagation

Cold moist stratification improves germination. To stratify outdoors, sow in container from November through January, allow exposure to rain, do not protect from frost, until after germination. Best to sow several seeds into a single tray, pluck out and transplant individually in the spring. Emergence usually occurs once soil has warmed in April, sometimes May. Seed should be brown in color. Buff or pale colored seed indicates immature development.

Photo Gallery

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 MacKinnon, A., Pojar, Jim, & Alaback, Paul B. (2004). Plants of the Pacific Northwest coast : Washington, Oregon, British Columbia & Alaska (Rev. ed.). Vancouver: Lone Pine Pub.
  2. Hitchcock, C., Cronquist, Arthur, Giblin, David, Legler, Ben, Zika, Peter F., Olmstead, Richard G., . . . Porcino, Natsuko. (2018). Flora of the Pacific Northwest : An illustrated manual (Second ed.). Seattle: University of Washington Press ; Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture.
  3. Kruckeberg, A. (1996). Gardening with native plants of the Pacific Northwest (2nd ed., rev. and enl. ed.). Seattle : Vancouver: University of Washington Press ; Greystone Books.