Difference between revisions of "Toxicoscordion venenosum"
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− | + | Toxicoscordion venenosum var. venenosum, Melanthiaceae, Death Camas, Meadow Death Camas, Common Death Camas, Deadly Zigadenus | |
− | + | [[File:ZIVE PatMontegue flw good.jpg|250px|right|thumb|Zigadenus venenosus]] | |
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− | ===== | + | ==Taxonomy== |
− | '' | + | {{Taxobox |
− | + | | name = Toxicoscordion venenosum | |
− | + | | regnum = [[Plant]]ae | |
− | + | | subregnum = Tracheobionta | |
− | + | | phylum = Spermatophyta | |
+ | | subphylum= Magnoliophyta | ||
+ | | classis = Liliopsida | ||
+ | | subclassis = Lilidae | ||
+ | | ordo = Liales | ||
+ | | familia = Melanthiaceae | ||
+ | | genus = '''''Toxicoscordion V.''''' | ||
+ | | species = '''''Toxicoscordion venenosum Rydb.''''' | ||
+ | | binomial = | ||
+ | | binomial_authority = | ||
+ | | synonyms = ''Zigadenus venenosus'' | ||
+ | }} | ||
− | == | + | ==Description== |
− | + | General: Glabrous perennial herbs from an onion-like bulb, the simple stem 2-5 dm. tall. | |
− | + | Leaves: Leaves mostly basal, linear, keeled, 1-3 dm. long and 3-6 mm. broad; cauline leaves strongly reduced upward. | |
− | + | Flowers: Inflorescence a raceme (but sometimes the raceme branched at the base) up to 1.5 dm. long, the flowers all perfect; perianth white to cream-colored, bell-shaped; tepals 6, unequal, the outer 4.5-5 mm. long, short-clawed, the inner about 0.5 mm. longer with a narrower, slightly longer claw; the gland at the base of each tepal yellowish-green, broader than long; stamens 6, about equal to the tepals; styles 3, distinct, 2-3 mm. long. | |
− | + | Fruit: Capsule 8-15 mm. long. | |
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− | === | + | ==Bloom Period== |
− | -- | + | |
− | {{ | + | April-July |
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+ | ==Distribution== | ||
+ | British Columbia to Baja California, east to the Dakotas; var. venenosum more common west of the Cascades in Washington, var. graminaeum common in Eastern WA. | ||
+ | ==Habitat== | ||
+ | Ecological Setting Coastal bluffs and prairies, and moister areas of shrub-steppe and mountain meadows | ||
+ | ==Uses == | ||
+ | First Nations-Used as a violent emetic, sometimes mixed with blue flag; poultice of mashed roots applied to rheumatism, boils, bruises, sprains, sore legs, burns, swellings, rattlesnake bites, and broken bones to speed healing; mashed roots sometimes used as an arrow poison | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==Propagation== | ||
+ | This plant is highly toxic and can be weedy or invasive according to the authoritative source | ||
+ | ==Seed== | ||
+ | |||
+ | {{Basics}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==References== | ||
+ | ==Photo Gallery== | ||
+ | <gallery> | ||
+ | File:ZIVE BenLegler sdh good.jpg | ||
+ | File:ZIVE PatMontegue flw good.jpg | ||
+ | </gallery> |
Revision as of 20:23, 1 April 2020
Toxicoscordion venenosum var. venenosum, Melanthiaceae, Death Camas, Meadow Death Camas, Common Death Camas, Deadly Zigadenus
Contents
Taxonomy
Toxicoscordion venenosum | |
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Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Subkingdom: | Tracheobionta |
Phylum: | Spermatophyta |
Subphylum: | Magnoliophyta |
Class: | Liliopsida |
Subclass: | Lilidae |
Order: | Liales |
Family: | Melanthiaceae |
Genus: | Toxicoscordion V. |
Species: | Toxicoscordion venenosum Rydb. |
Synonyms | |
Zigadenus venenosus |
Description
General: Glabrous perennial herbs from an onion-like bulb, the simple stem 2-5 dm. tall. Leaves: Leaves mostly basal, linear, keeled, 1-3 dm. long and 3-6 mm. broad; cauline leaves strongly reduced upward. Flowers: Inflorescence a raceme (but sometimes the raceme branched at the base) up to 1.5 dm. long, the flowers all perfect; perianth white to cream-colored, bell-shaped; tepals 6, unequal, the outer 4.5-5 mm. long, short-clawed, the inner about 0.5 mm. longer with a narrower, slightly longer claw; the gland at the base of each tepal yellowish-green, broader than long; stamens 6, about equal to the tepals; styles 3, distinct, 2-3 mm. long. Fruit: Capsule 8-15 mm. long.
Bloom Period
April-July
Distribution
British Columbia to Baja California, east to the Dakotas; var. venenosum more common west of the Cascades in Washington, var. graminaeum common in Eastern WA.
Habitat
Ecological Setting Coastal bluffs and prairies, and moister areas of shrub-steppe and mountain meadows
Uses
First Nations-Used as a violent emetic, sometimes mixed with blue flag; poultice of mashed roots applied to rheumatism, boils, bruises, sprains, sore legs, burns, swellings, rattlesnake bites, and broken bones to speed healing; mashed roots sometimes used as an arrow poison
Propagation
This plant is highly toxic and can be weedy or invasive according to the authoritative source
Seed
Basic Explanations and Assumptions:
The dimensions for the seeds are length x width x depth. The location of the hilum is used as the base of the seed, and the length is measured from hilum to the opposite apex. Where a style is present, the length is measured from the hilum to the bottom of the style. Width is measured at a right angle to the length at the widest part. Depth is measured at a right angle to the intersection of height and width lines.
Measurements included are the mean average for each measurement of ten separate seeds.
All measurements in millimeters unless otherwise noted.