Difference between revisions of "Viola glabella"

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''Viola Glabella'', Violaceae, Stream violet, Yellow Wood Violet, Pioneer Violet
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* Scientific Name: ''Viola'' ''glabella''
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* Family: Violaceae
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* Common Names: stream violet, yellow wood violet, pioneer violet
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* Codon: VIOGLA
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[[File:VIGL BenLegler veg good.jpg|thumb|Ben Legler 2004, also featured on Main Page]] 
  
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===Taxonomy===
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{{Taxobox
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| name =
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| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
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| subregnum = Viridiplantae
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| phylum = Tracheophyta
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| subphylum= Spermatophytina
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| classis = Magnoliopsida
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| subclassis = Rosanae
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| ordo = Malpighiales
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| familia = Violaceae
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| genus = ''Viola ''L.
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| species = '''''Viola Glabella ''''' Nutt.
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| binomial_authority =
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}}
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<ref>Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved from https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=22082#null</ref>
  
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[[File:VIGL BenLegler veg good.jpg|thumb|300px|''Viola glabella''   Photo Credit Ben Legler]]  <br />
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===Description===
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Native, perennial, rhizomatous<ref name=":0">WTU
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Herbarium, Burke Museum, & University of Washington. (n.d.).
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Retrieved from https://biology.burke.washington.edu/herbarium/imagecollection/taxon.php?Taxon=Viola%20glabella </ref> herb with cordate leaves and axillary yellow flowers, to 30 cm tall.<ref>Bowcutt, F., &
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Hamman, S. (2016). ''Vascular Plants of the South Sound Prairies''. Olympia:
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The Evergreen State College Press. p. 113.</ref> Stems erect, 1-3,<ref name=":1">Jepson Herbarium Online Flora. Retrieved from https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/eflora_display.php?tid=48214</ref> lower half leafless.<ref name=":0" /> Leaves simple, cordate, petiolate, crenate to serrate, basal leaves to 9.3 cm, cauline to 5.7 cm.<ref name=":1" /> Flowers 5-merous, solitary, axillary, zygomorphic; sepals 5, lanceolate-linear;<ref name=":1" /> petals 5, lowermost larger and spurred, upper 4 in 2 pairs;<ref name=":2" /> lower 3 petals with dark violet veins, lateral 2 bearded;<ref name=":1" /> stamens 5, connivent around pistil;<ref name=":2" /> pistil 3-carpellate with 1 style, globose stigma<ref name=":2" /> and superior ovary with parietal placentation becoming a 3-valved capsule.<ref name=":0" />
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===Bloom Period===
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March-July <ref name=":0" /><br />
  
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==Taxonomy==
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===Distribution===
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==Description==
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Both sides of the Cascades in Washington, Alaska to California, east to Montana<ref name=":2">Hitchcock, C., Cronquist, Arthur, Giblin, David, Legler, Ben, Zika,
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General: Puberulent perennial from widely spreading, scaly, fleshy rhizomes, the flowering stems 5-30 cm. tall, leafless the lower two-thirds. <br />
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Peter F., Olmstead, Richard G., . . . Porcino, Natsuko. (2018). ''Flora of the Pacific Northwest : An illustrated manual'' (Second ed.). Seattle: University of Washington Press ; Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture.</ref>
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Leaves: Leaf blades ovate-cordate to reniform, abruptly pointed, the basal leaves with petioles 10-20 cm. long; stipules membranous, ovate to obovate, 5-10 mm. long, entire.<br />
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Flowers: Flowers 8-14 mm. long, borne chiefly on the upper part of the stem, on peduncles about as long as the leaves; spur very short; petals clear yellow, the lower 3 with purple penciling, the lateral pair well bearded; style head copiously bearded.<br />
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Fruit: Fruit a 3-valved capsule, ovary superior, placentation parietal, seeds brown.
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===Habitat===
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Stream banks and moist forests, low to mid-elevations.<ref name=":0" />
  
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==Bloom Period==
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===Propagation===
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Flowering
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Stream violet is easy to establish in woodland gardens. It may reseed and can become somewhat weedy.
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Time: March-July <br />
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Crop Intervals: Perennial <br />
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==Distribution==
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===Photo Gallery===
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Both sides of the Cascades in Washington, Alaska to California, east to Montana
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==Habitat==
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Moist woods and stream banks, low to mid-elevations in the mountains
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==Uses==
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Landscaping: Smooth yellow violet is easy to establish in woodland gardens. It may reseed and can become a bit invasive <br />
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Young leaves and flower buds - raw or cooked. When added to soup they thicken it in much the same way as okra. Some caution is advised, the yellow flowers of this species can cause diarrhea if eaten in large quantities. A tea can be made from the leaves.
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==Propagation==
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==Image Gallery==
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<gallery>
 
<gallery>
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Image:
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File:VIOGLA2.jpg|Susan McDougall, 2014. www.treeslivehere.com
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Image:
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</gallery>
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===References===
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==References==
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<references />
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*http://biology.burke.washington.edu/herbarium/imagecollection.php
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*http://www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=VIGL
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*http://plants.usda.gov/java/nameSearch
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*http://wnps.org/landscaping/herbarium/pages/viola-glabella.html
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*http://pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Viola+glabella
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Latest revision as of 15:54, 30 June 2021

  • Scientific Name: Viola glabella
  • Family: Violaceae
  • Common Names: stream violet, yellow wood violet, pioneer violet
  • Codon: VIOGLA
Ben Legler 2004, also featured on Main Page

Taxonomy

Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Subkingdom: Viridiplantae
Phylum: Tracheophyta
Subphylum: Spermatophytina
Class: Magnoliopsida
Subclass: Rosanae
Order: Malpighiales
Family: Violaceae
Genus: Viola L.
Species: Viola Glabella Nutt.

[1]

Description

Native, perennial, rhizomatous[2] herb with cordate leaves and axillary yellow flowers, to 30 cm tall.[3] Stems erect, 1-3,[4] lower half leafless.[2] Leaves simple, cordate, petiolate, crenate to serrate, basal leaves to 9.3 cm, cauline to 5.7 cm.[4] Flowers 5-merous, solitary, axillary, zygomorphic; sepals 5, lanceolate-linear;[4] petals 5, lowermost larger and spurred, upper 4 in 2 pairs;[5] lower 3 petals with dark violet veins, lateral 2 bearded;[4] stamens 5, connivent around pistil;[5] pistil 3-carpellate with 1 style, globose stigma[5] and superior ovary with parietal placentation becoming a 3-valved capsule.[2]

Bloom Period

March-July [2]

Distribution

Both sides of the Cascades in Washington, Alaska to California, east to Montana[5]

Habitat

Stream banks and moist forests, low to mid-elevations.[2]

Propagation

Stream violet is easy to establish in woodland gardens. It may reseed and can become somewhat weedy.

Photo Gallery

  • Susan McDougall, 2014. www.treeslivehere.com

References

  1. ↑ Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved from https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=22082#null
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 WTU Herbarium, Burke Museum, & University of Washington. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://biology.burke.washington.edu/herbarium/imagecollection/taxon.php?Taxon=Viola%20glabella
  3. ↑ Bowcutt, F., & Hamman, S. (2016). Vascular Plants of the South Sound Prairies. Olympia: The Evergreen State College Press. p. 113.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Jepson Herbarium Online Flora. Retrieved from https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/eflora_display.php?tid=48214
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Hitchcock, C., Cronquist, Arthur, Giblin, David, Legler, Ben, Zika, Peter F., Olmstead, Richard G., . . . Porcino, Natsuko. (2018). Flora of the Pacific Northwest : An illustrated manual (Second ed.). Seattle: University of Washington Press ; Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture.
Retrieved from "http://wikis.evergreen.edu/pugetprairieplants/index.php?title=Viola_glabella&oldid=5225"

The Evergreen State College