Difference between revisions of "Carex inops"

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* Scientific Name: ''Carex'' ''inops''
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[[File: CAIN_CNLMvol_veg_2007.jpg|300px|thumb|right]]
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* Family: Cyperaceae
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* Common Names: long-stolon sedge
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* Codon: CARINO
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----
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===Taxonomy===
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[[File:CAIN_RodGilbert_flw_good.jpg |thumb|Photo by Rod Gilbert, 2005. Also featured on Main Page]]
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=== Taxonomy ===
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{{Taxobox
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| name =
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Kingdom: Plantae
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| image =
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| image_alt =
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Subkingdom (unranked): Tracheobionta
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| image_caption = Photo by Rod Gilbert, 2005. Also featured on Main Page
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| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
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Superdivision (unranked): Spermatophyta
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| subregnum = Viridiplantae
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| phylum = Tracheophyta
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Division: Magnoliophyta
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| subphylum= Spermatophytina
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| classis = Magnoliopsida
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Class: Liliopsida
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| subclassis = Lilianae
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| ordo =  Poales
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Subclass (unranked): Commelinidae
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| familia = Cyperaceae
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| genus = ''Carex'' L.
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Order: Cyperales
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| species = '''''Carex inops''''' L.H. Bailey
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| binomial =
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Family: Cyperaceae
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| binomial_authority =
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| synonyms =
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Genus: ''Carex'' L.
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}}
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<ref>Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved from https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=39650</ref>
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Species: ''C. inops'' L.H. Bailey
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===Description===
 
===Description===
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Perennial, rhizomatous, loosely caespitose sedge with erect culms to 50 cm tall.<ref>Flora of North America. Retrieved
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from http://dev.floranorthamerica.org/Carex_inops</ref> Low to medium height compared to other Carex species.<ref name=":0">USFS Fire Effects Information System. Retrieved from https://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/plants/graminoid/carino/all.html</ref> Leaves 1-3 wide, flat, often shorter than the culms.<ref name=":1">Bowcutt, F., & Hamman, S. (2016). ''Vascular Plants of the South Sound Prairies''. p. 114.</ref> Tufts of dead leaves persist at base.<ref name=":0" /> Inflorescences are spikes, with a solitary male spike usually pediceled above the female spikes, which is subtended by a leafy bract.<ref name=":1" /> Perigynia is a 3-sided achene enclosed by a bract,<ref name=":1" /> from 1.6 to 2.5 mm long.<ref name=":0" />
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Long-stolon sedge is a loosely caespitose, perennial graminoid. It is low to medium statured compared to other Carex. Culms are 4 to 20 inches (10-50 cm) long. Leaves are slender, stiff, and wiry. Old, dead leaves are persistent, often forming fibrous tufts at the stem base. Inflorescences are terminal staminate and pistillate spikes. Male spikes may be pediceled above female spikes. The fruit is a hairy achene ranging from 1.6 to 2.5 mm long. Seedheads bear 5 to 15 fruits each.
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===Bloom Period===
 
===Bloom Period===
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April-July<ref name=":2">WTU
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Herbarium, Burke Museum, & University of Washington. Retrieved from https://biology.burke.washington.edu/herbarium/imagecollection/taxon.php?Taxon=Carex%20inops</ref>
  
 
===Distribution===
 
===Distribution===
  
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Both sides of the Cascades, from British Columbia to California, inland to the Rocky Mountains and Great Plains.<ref name=":2" />
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Found in the northwestern Great Plains of the United States and Canada, ranging from the western Dakotas to Montana and Saskatchewan.
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===Habitat===
 
===Habitat===
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Prairies, forest openings, open meadows, along streams.<ref name=":2" />
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Stands are found on gently rolling uplands with little to moderate slope.
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===Uses===
 
===Uses===
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Wildlife: Rodents, lagomorphs, and ungulates graze sun sedge. On the Pawnee National Grassland, Ord's kangaroo rats, northern grasshopper mice, thirteen-lined ground squirrels, and deer mice utilization of sun sedge ranged from 0.1% to 5.0% across 1 year. Seasonal utilization was not given. Sun sedge was an important component of the spring and early summer diets of black-tailed jackrabbits on the Pawnee National Grassland. In Wind Cave National Park, elk use of sun sedge was similar from winter to summer (3.7-5.0%) and least in fall (0.9%). Sun sedge was a minor component of the pronghorn diet on the Pawnee National Grassland. Use peaked at 4% in April and May, with only trace amounts consumed in other months. Sun sedge was also a minor component in the pronghorn diet (17% frequency but 1%-4% utilization) in a needle-and-thread grass-western wheatgrass community in southeastern Alberta. On the Pawnee National Grasslands, bison grazed sun sedge in trace amounts in December and did not utilize it in other months.<ref name=":0" />
  
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First Nations: Use by Navajo as a gastrointestinal aid and to help fight infections.<ref>Native
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American Ethnobotany Database. Retrieved from http://naeb.brit.org/uses/search/?string=carex+inops</ref>
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Wildlife: Rodents, lagomorphs, and ungulates graze sun sedge. On the Pawnee National Grassland, Ord's kangaroo rats, northern grasshopper mice, thirteen-lined ground squirrels, and deer mice utilization of sun sedge ranged from 0.1% to 5.0% across 1 year. Seasonal utilization was not given. Sun sedge was an important component of the spring and early summer diets of black-tailed jackrabbits on the Pawnee National Grassland. In Wind Cave National Park, elk use of sun sedge was similar from winter to summer (3.7-5.0%) and least in fall (0.9%). Sun sedge was a minor component of the pronghorn diet on the Pawnee National Grassland. Use peaked at 4% in April and May, with only trace amounts consumed in other months. Sun sedge was also a minor component in the pronghorn diet (17% frequency but 1%-4% utilization) in a needle-and-thread grass-western wheatgrass community in southeastern Alberta. On the Pawnee National Grasslands, bison grazed sun sedge in trace amounts in December and did not utilize it in other months.
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First Nations: Used by Navajo as a gastrointestinal aid and to help fight infections.
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===Propagation===
 
===Propagation===
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Long-stolon sedge is wind pollinated.  Little is known of either sun sedge's ability to establish from seed or its growth rate.<ref name=":0" />
  
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===Seed===
  
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[[File:CAIN.png|thumb|right|250px|''Carex inops'' seed <br> Photo Credit Lisa Hintz]]
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===Photo Gallery===
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===References===
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===Seed===
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'''Abbraviation:''' CAIN
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'''Seed sample from:''' 2010
 
'''Seed sample from:''' 2010
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'''Longitudinal Cross Section:''' elliptical  [[File:CAIN long.png]]
 
'''Longitudinal Cross Section:''' elliptical  [[File:CAIN long.png]]
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{{Basics}}
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===Photo Gallery===
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<gallery>
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File: CAIN_MarionCJerish_flw_good.jpg|Photo by Marion C Jerish
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File: CAIN_SpencerAlexander_veg_SL_2012_(1).jpg|Photo courtesy of CNLM, photo by Spencer Alexan
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</gallery>
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===References===
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http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=CAIN9
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http://biology.burke.washington.edu/herbarium/imagecollection.php
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http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/plants/graminoid/carino/all.html
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http://mtnhp.org/ecology/Guide_Report.asp?elcode=CEGL001471
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http://biology.burke.washington.edu/herbarium/imagecollection/wtu27000-27499/lg/wtu027233_lg.jpg
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http://linnet.geog.ubc.ca/Atlas/Atlas.aspx?sciname=Carex%20inops
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<references />

Latest revision as of 15:06, 25 June 2021

  • Scientific Name: Carex inops
  • Family: Cyperaceae
  • Common Names: long-stolon sedge
  • Codon: CARINO
Photo by Rod Gilbert, 2005. Also featured on Main Page

Taxonomy

Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Subkingdom: Viridiplantae
Phylum: Tracheophyta
Subphylum: Spermatophytina
Class: Magnoliopsida
Subclass: Lilianae
Order: Poales
Family: Cyperaceae
Genus: Carex L.
Species: Carex inops L.H. Bailey

[1]

Description

Perennial, rhizomatous, loosely caespitose sedge with erect culms to 50 cm tall.[2] Low to medium height compared to other Carex species.[3] Leaves 1-3 wide, flat, often shorter than the culms.[4] Tufts of dead leaves persist at base.[3] Inflorescences are spikes, with a solitary male spike usually pediceled above the female spikes, which is subtended by a leafy bract.[4] Perigynia is a 3-sided achene enclosed by a bract,[4] from 1.6 to 2.5 mm long.[3]

Bloom Period

April-July[5]

Distribution

Both sides of the Cascades, from British Columbia to California, inland to the Rocky Mountains and Great Plains.[5]

Habitat

Prairies, forest openings, open meadows, along streams.[5]

Uses

Wildlife: Rodents, lagomorphs, and ungulates graze sun sedge. On the Pawnee National Grassland, Ord's kangaroo rats, northern grasshopper mice, thirteen-lined ground squirrels, and deer mice utilization of sun sedge ranged from 0.1% to 5.0% across 1 year. Seasonal utilization was not given. Sun sedge was an important component of the spring and early summer diets of black-tailed jackrabbits on the Pawnee National Grassland. In Wind Cave National Park, elk use of sun sedge was similar from winter to summer (3.7-5.0%) and least in fall (0.9%). Sun sedge was a minor component of the pronghorn diet on the Pawnee National Grassland. Use peaked at 4% in April and May, with only trace amounts consumed in other months. Sun sedge was also a minor component in the pronghorn diet (17% frequency but 1%-4% utilization) in a needle-and-thread grass-western wheatgrass community in southeastern Alberta. On the Pawnee National Grasslands, bison grazed sun sedge in trace amounts in December and did not utilize it in other months.[3]

First Nations: Use by Navajo as a gastrointestinal aid and to help fight infections.[6]

Propagation

Long-stolon sedge is wind pollinated. Little is known of either sun sedge's ability to establish from seed or its growth rate.[3]

Seed

Carex inops seed
Photo Credit Lisa Hintz

Seed sample from: 2010

Average measurement: 3.6 x1.6 x 1.3

Measurement Range: L: 2.5 – 4.5, W: 1.2 – 2, D: 1 – 1.9

Features

Shape: Seeds narrow at hilum and opposite apex, rounded in middle. Opposite apex usually sharply pointed. Seed sometimes has bits of husk still attached. Hilum circular.

Color: Tan with some darker brown or black spotting. Hilum usually brown.

Surface: Some concave patches, entire seed covered in fine hair, and matte.

Latitudinal Cross Section: elliptical CAIN lat.png

Longitudinal Cross Section: elliptical CAIN long.png

Basic Explanations and Assumptions:

The dimensions for the seeds are length x width x depth. The location of the hilum is used as the base of the seed, and the length is measured from hilum to the opposite apex. Where a style is present, the length is measured from the hilum to the bottom of the style. Width is measured at a right angle to the length at the widest part. Depth is measured at a right angle to the intersection of height and width lines.

Measurements included are the mean average for each measurement of ten separate seeds.

All measurements in millimeters unless otherwise noted.

Photo Gallery

  • Photo by Marion C Jerish

  • Photo courtesy of CNLM, photo by Spencer Alexan

References

http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=CAIN9 http://biology.burke.washington.edu/herbarium/imagecollection.php http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/plants/graminoid/carino/all.html http://mtnhp.org/ecology/Guide_Report.asp?elcode=CEGL001471 http://biology.burke.washington.edu/herbarium/imagecollection/wtu27000-27499/lg/wtu027233_lg.jpg http://linnet.geog.ubc.ca/Atlas/Atlas.aspx?sciname=Carex%20inops

  1. ↑ Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved from https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=39650
  2. ↑ Flora of North America. Retrieved from http://dev.floranorthamerica.org/Carex_inops
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 USFS Fire Effects Information System. Retrieved from https://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/plants/graminoid/carino/all.html
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Bowcutt, F., & Hamman, S. (2016). Vascular Plants of the South Sound Prairies. p. 114.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 WTU Herbarium, Burke Museum, & University of Washington. Retrieved from https://biology.burke.washington.edu/herbarium/imagecollection/taxon.php?Taxon=Carex%20inops
  6. ↑ Native American Ethnobotany Database. Retrieved from http://naeb.brit.org/uses/search/?string=carex+inops
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